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    <title>A Cyclical, Foreseeable, Worsening Threat - Heatwaves are a Cyclical Human Rights Risk and States Must Provide a Preventive Public-Law Response</title>
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    <namePart>Amat, Didac</namePart>
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    <namePart>Portela Giráldez, Ignacio</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2026-07-29</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">During the first two decades of the twenty-first century, approximately 489,000 heat-related deaths occurred yearly. Europe is no exception. Under the premise that heatwaves can no longer be distinguished from any foreseeable, cyclical event beyond their control, states are required to adopt all reasonable measures to keep the catastrophic impacts to a minimum, as mandated by the ECtHR. This blogpost explores the extent to which Article 2 of the ECHR provides legal protection against heatwaves and examines the level of due diligence required from state parties.</abstract>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Art. 2 ECHR</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Climate Adaptation</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Climate Crisis</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>ECtHR</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>EU</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Right to Life</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>climate litigation</topic>
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    <topic>EU</topic>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/fe7ea292b1245ec3</identifier>
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