nam 22 uu 4500 10.59704/dff7daea6209822e DE-Verfassungsblog cr||||| 250211s2025||||xx#|||||o|||| ||| 0|eng|| 10.59704/dff7daea6209822e doi eng 342 23 Kristan, M. Victoria Author aut (orcid)0000-0001-8014-8029 Beyond Formal Legality - The Restorative Effect of an Episodic Infringement Kristan, M. Victoria Verfassungsblog 2025-02-11 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The Venice Commission’s position on Poland’s judicial reforms presents a paradox: it warns that measures to restore the rule of law could themselves violate it – even though the rule of law has already been undermined. To solve this paradox, I propose two conceptual clarifications. The first one applies distinction between violating and departing from formal legality. The second one recognizes that judges unconstitutionally appointed under an illiberal regime cannot be acknowledged as legitimate judges in the constitutional sense. CC BY-SA 4.0 Formal legality Poland Polen Rules departures (DE-588)4046496-9 gnd Polen Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH Verfassungsblog 2366-7044 https://verfassungsblog.de/beyond-formal-legality/ raw object