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  <titleInfo>
    <title>The Binoculars at the Borders of Europe - On Evidentiary Rules and Human Rights Protection</title>
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    <namePart>De Coninck, Joyce</namePart>
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    <dateIssued encoding="marc">2025</dateIssued>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-02-19</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">A mere two months into 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) have dealt with no less than 7 cases concerning various types of alleged pushbacks at Europe’s borders. In each of these cases rules of evidence were and remain at the forefront of effective human rights protection. This contribution highlights how the defending duty-bearing parties sought to interpret the applicable rules of evidence to evade responsibility. It further argues that failure by the Courts to meaningfully interpret these rules in light of current-day realities and the principle of effectiveness could risk eroding the absolute human rights at the core of the European legal order.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">De Coninck, Joyce</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>border control</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>border management</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>burden of proof</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>European Convention of Human Rights</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>pushbacks</topic>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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      <namePart>Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH</namePart>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/9b1ea66b57a1d4e0</identifier>
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