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    <title>Kangaroo Courts and EU Law - On the Court of Justice’s Judgment in Commission v. Poland</title>
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    <namePart>Jaraczewski, Jakub</namePart>
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    <namePart>Pech, Laurent</namePart>
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    <dateIssued>2026-01-07</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">In Commission v. Poland, the Court of Justice ruled that Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal no longer qualifies as an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The ruling decisively addresses the status of the body currently masquerading as Poland’s Constitutional Tribunal, although one may question whether the Court did not commit a category error by taking the outputs of such a body seriously.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Jaraczewski, Jakub</note>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/00a960a1b989e294</identifier>
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