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  <titleInfo>
    <title>When Custom Binds All States - Reflections on Customary International Law in the ICJ Climate Advisory Opinion</title>
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    <namePart>Gehring, Markus</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-08-15</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">The ICJ affirmed that States have binding customary obligations to prevent significant harm to the climate system and to cooperate in addressing the crisis. Rejecting arguments that climate treaties override these duties, the Court clarified that non-parties remain bound. While acknowledging law’s limits, the ICJ’s opinion provides a powerful legal foundation to guide climate negotiations, litigation, and collective action worldwide.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Gehring, Markus</note>
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    <topic>Advisory Opinion</topic>
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    <topic>Climate Crisis</topic>
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    <topic>ICJ</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>International Court of Justice</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Internationaler Gerichtshof | Den Haag</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Klimakatastrophe</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>State Responsibility</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>climate change</topic>
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    <topic>Internationaler Gerichtshof | Den Haag</topic>
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    <topic>Klimakatastrophe</topic>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/ca99ffd63031501e</identifier>
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