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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Sins of the Fathers -  Military Service as a Disqualification Technique</title>
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    <namePart>Elbasyouny, Ahmed</namePart>
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    <dateIssued>2026-01-26</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">Egypt’s most chaotic election produced not only allegations of fraud, but a subtle and consequential judicial shift: military service was recast as a condition of political eligibility. A discretionary administrative exclusion was turned into a permanent bar from office, with far-reaching effects for opposition candidates and democratic representation. Through technical legal reasoning rather than overt repression, courts reshape electoral competition and redistribute political power.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Elbasyouny, Ahmed</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Egypt</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>elections</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>military service</topic>
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