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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Fourteen Years for a Mere Designation - Enforcement Shortcomings of Fundamental EU Conservation Laws</title>
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    <namePart>Hildt, Laura</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2026-03-23</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">On 5 March 2026, in its C-613/24 judgment, the CJEU fined Portugal for €10 million for its failure to comply with a 2019 judgment (C-290/18) on the Habitats Directive. In addition, the Court imposed a daily penalty payment of €41,250 until the judgment is fully complied with. This ruling is in many ways arguably a straightforward enforcement case. However, it demonstrates that enforcement action even for basic implementation simply takes too long. In addition, it highlights the need for follow-up action under Article 260 of the TFEU to ensure that judgments are actually implemented.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Hildt, Laura</note>
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    <topic>C-290/18</topic>
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    <topic>C-613/24</topic>
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    <topic>CJEU</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>EU</topic>
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    <topic>EU</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Enforcement</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Habitats Directive</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Natura 2000</topic>
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    <topic>Portugal</topic>
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    <topic>Portugal</topic>
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    <topic>Portugal</topic>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/8bc57778461a9f00</identifier>
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