nam 22 uu 4500 10.17176/20190622-232658-0 DE-Verfassungsblog cr||||| 190622s2019||||xx#|||||o|||| ||| 0|eng|| 10.17176/20190622-232658-0 doi eng 342 23 Langford, Malcolm Author aut France Criminalises Research on Judges Langford, Malcolm Verfassungsblog 2019-06-22 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In March, France made a controversial move and became the first country in the world to explicitly ban research on individual judicial behaviour. It is now a criminal offence to ‘evaluate, analyse, compare or predict’ the behaviour of individual judges. The result is a flagrant violation of the freedom of expression, represents an affront to basic values of academic freedom, and disregards basic principles of the rule of law. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 European Convention of Human Rights Freedom of Expression Freedom of research judicial independence Madsen, Mikael Rask Author aut Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH Verfassungsblog 2366-7044 https://verfassungsblog.de/france-criminalises-research-on-judges/ raw object