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  <titleInfo>
    <title>In the Name of Primacy - Opinion C-448/23 and the EU’s Existential Principle of Primacy</title>
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    <namePart>Di Federico, Giacomo</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-04-22</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">In 1973, Pierre Pescatore noted that “[P]rimacy is an ‘existential requirement’ of EU law”. The Opinion of AG Spielmann in Case C-448/23 (Commission v. Poland), delivered on 11 March 2025, opens with this harsh observation. His difficult task is to frame in legal terms the two essentially political rulings delivered by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal in 2021, where – notoriously – the “captured” domestic court refused to adhere to the most basic principles governing the relationship between national and EU law. This requires adjustments in the current vocabulary of the Luxembourg judges.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Di Federico, Giacomo</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Autonomy</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Case K3/21 and Case P 7/20</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>EU</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>National constitutional identity</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Opinion of Advocate General Spielmann in Case C-448/23</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Polen</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Primacy principle</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>effectiveness</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>uniform application</topic>
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    <topic>EU</topic>
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    <topic>Polen</topic>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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