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  <titleInfo>
    <title>The Legacy of Kinsa - Using Proportionality to Limit the Criminalisation of Solidarity</title>
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    <namePart>Zirulia, Stefano</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-06-26</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">The CJEU’s judgment in Kinsa marks a rare rights-based correction to the EU’s punitive approach to migration. Prompted by a case from Italy, the Court confronts the criminalisation of those who cross borders caring for children. Rather than deferring to enforcement rationales, it centres fundamental rights and draws clear constitutional limits. The ruling opens a path to challenge overbroad criminalisation not just retrospectively, but at the level of legal design. In the shadow of ongoing EU reform efforts, Kinsa signals a shift: from border control to proportionality scrutiny.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Zirulia, Stefano</note>
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    <url displayLabel="raw object" usage="primary display">https://verfassungsblog.de/kinsa-judgment-proportionality/</url>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/8c73d3ee2693edf6</identifier>
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