nam 22 uu 4500 10.59704/b7d367e6d1adb13c DE-Verfassungsblog cr||||| 250915s2025||||xx#|||||o|||| ||| 0|eng|| 10.59704/b7d367e6d1adb13c doi eng 342 23 Nowicka, Zuzanna Author aut Litigating Over Independent Media - On the Direct Effect of the Right to Independent Media as Enshrined in the EMFA Nowicka, Zuzanna Verfassungsblog 2025-09-15 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Since the European Media Freedom Act (EMFA) fully entered into force on August 8, the key question is how far it can go in securing independent media. Beyond transparency rules and safeguards for editorial independence, Article 3 may establish a justiciable right to independent media – enabling individuals to challenge violations of media pluralism before national courts. CC BY-SA 4.0 CJEU emfa european media freedom act Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH Verfassungsblog 2366-7044 https://verfassungsblog.de/litigating-over-independent-media/ raw object