Muzzling Associations of Judges - The Duty of Judges to Declare Membership in an Association Under Poland’s so-called “Muzzle Law”

Muzzling Associations of Judges - The Duty of Judges to Declare Membership in an Association Under Poland’s so-called “Muzzle Law” Sanders, Anne Author aut Text xx# 2020 Verfassungsblog 2020-03-05 eng Art 88 a of Poland's so-called "muzzle law" law prescribes that judges must disclose their membership in associations, their functions performed in non-profit foundations and membership in parties before they became judges. The provision applies to memberships in all kinds of associations, including associations of judges. In this form, the provision violates the European Convention of Human Rights as well as the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Sanders, Anne European Charter of Fundamental Rights European Convention of Human Rights judicial independence Rule of Law 342 https://verfassungsblog.de/muzzling-associations-of-judges/ Verfassungsblog 2366-7044 Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH 10.17176/20200305-214543-0 200305 10.17176/20200305-214543-0 Converted from MARCXML to MODS version 3.7 using MARC21slim2MODS3-7.xsl (Revision 1.140 20200717)