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http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/50165a6e4cbc30bb https://verfassungsblog.de/ammo-in-the-rainbow-fight/ The CJEU Providing Ammo in the ECtHR Rainbow Fight - Commentary on the CJEU’s Judgment in Cupriak-Trojan (C-713/23) Warnez, Matti eng 2025-12-22 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Andersen v Poland CJEU EU EU Formela a.o. v Poland Przybyszewska a.o. v Poland Trojan rainbow rights EU Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 The issue in Cupriak-Trojan case arose when Poland refused to recognize a same-sex marriage legally concluded in another Member State. The ECtHR had already convicted Poland because same-sex partners cannot formalize their relationship under Polish law. Following these ECtHR convictions, the CJEU ruled that Poland must recognize same-sex marriages concluded in other Member States. This ammunition to enforce ECtHR’s convictions comes in two forms: mobilizing the national judges to recognize foreign same-sex marriages and gently pushing the Polish legislator towards passing the civil partnership bill into legislation.