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      <datestamp>2026-03-24T17:56:34Z</datestamp>
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        <dc:identifier>http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/0387022df3095d87</dc:identifier>
        <dc:identifier>https://verfassungsblog.de/searching-for-answers/</dc:identifier>
        <dc:title>Searching for Answers - Why the EU Commission Should Designate Chatbots as Search Engines under the DSA</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Schaal, Jacob</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Lenner, Maximilian</dc:creator>
        <dc:creator>Akinyemi, Tunmise</dc:creator>
        <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
        <dc:date>2026-02-20</dc:date>
        <dc:type>electronic resource</dc:type>
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        <dc:subject>ddc:342</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Digital Services Act</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>EU</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>VLOSE</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>chatgpt</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>search engine</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>EU</dc:subject>
        <dc:publisher>Verfassungsblog</dc:publisher>
        <dc:relation>Verfassungsblog--2366-7044</dc:relation>
        <dc:rights>CC BY-SA 4.0</dc:rights>
        <dc:description>In October 2025, following OpenAI’s disclosure that ChatGPT’s search feature had reached an average of 120.4 million monthly users in the EU, a Commission spokesperson confirmed that regulators are currently assessing whether ChatGPT can be designated as a Very Large Online Search Engine. The legal question is whether a service that synthesises answers rather than returning indexed links falls under Digital Services Act as an “online search engine”. The Commission should answer yes. A functional interpretation is legally mandated, economically justified, and urgently necessary.</dc:description>
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