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http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/fe7ea292b1245ec3 https://verfassungsblog.de/a-cyclical-foreseeable-worsening-threat/ A Cyclical, Foreseeable, Worsening Threat - Heatwaves are a Cyclical Human Rights Risk and States Must Provide a Preventive Public-Law Response Amat, Didac Portela Giráldez, Ignacio eng 2026-07-29 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Art. 2 ECHR Climate Adaptation Climate Crisis ECtHR EU Right to Life climate litigation EU Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 During the first two decades of the twenty-first century, approximately 489,000 heat-related deaths occurred yearly. Europe is no exception. Under the premise that heatwaves can no longer be distinguished from any foreseeable, cyclical event beyond their control, states are required to adopt all reasonable measures to keep the catastrophic impacts to a minimum, as mandated by the ECtHR. This blogpost explores the extent to which Article 2 of the ECHR provides legal protection against heatwaves and examines the level of due diligence required from state parties.