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        <dc:identifier>https://verfassungsblog.de/americas-right-to-kidnap/</dc:identifier>
        <dc:title>America’s Right to Kidnap - What Alvarez-Machain Tells Us About Legal Dualism at the Border of Sovereignty</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Moreno, Carlos</dc:creator>
        <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
        <dc:date>2026-09-07</dc:date>
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        <dc:subject>ddc:342</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Alvarez-Machain but United States v. Noriega</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Immunity</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Jurisdiction</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Ker v. Illinois</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Nicolás Maduro</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>USA</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>extradiction</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>USA</dc:subject>
        <dc:publisher>Verfassungsblog</dc:publisher>
        <dc:relation>Verfassungsblog--2366-7044</dc:relation>
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        <dc:description>On September 3, 2026, lawyers for Nicolás Maduro filed a motion asking a federal judge in Manhattan to dismiss the narco-terrorism indictment against him, arguing that a sitting head of state enjoys absolute immunity from the criminal jurisdiction of any court but his own. Yet the doctrinal groundwork for treating a foreign leader’s forcible removal as jurisdictionally unproblematic had already been laid, more than three decades earlier, in a case about a Mexican physician most people have never heard of.</dc:description>
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