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      <datestamp>2026-09-15T15:19:36Z</datestamp>
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        <dc:identifier>http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/d19bafef7a13c215</dc:identifier>
        <dc:identifier>https://verfassungsblog.de/indirect-militant-democracy/</dc:identifier>
        <dc:title>Indirect Militant Democracy - What German Runoffs Tell Us About Ranked Choice Voting</dc:title>
        <dc:creator>Khaitan, Tarunabh</dc:creator>
        <dc:language>eng</dc:language>
        <dc:date>2026-09-15</dc:date>
        <dc:type>electronic resource</dc:type>
        <dc:format>text/html</dc:format>
        <dc:subject>ddc:342</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>AfD</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Election law</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Militant Democracy</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>Party bans</dc:subject>
        <dc:subject>proportional representation</dc:subject>
        <dc:publisher>Verfassungsblog</dc:publisher>
        <dc:relation>Verfassungsblog--2366-7044</dc:relation>
        <dc:rights>CC BY-SA 4.0</dc:rights>
        <dc:description>In June 2023, the AfD won the district administration of Sonneberg. Between the first round and the runoff, the AfD’s vote share rose from 46.7 to 52.8 per cent, a gain of 6.1 percentage points. Its CDU opponent went from 35.7 to 47.2 per cent, gaining 11.5 points. The AfD won, but its eleven-point lead almost halved. Requiring it to compete for support beyond its initial electorate made victory harder. The episode recommends a form of indirect militant democracy: electoral rules that make limited appeal beyond a party’s committed supporters a disadvantage.</dc:description>
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