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http://dx.doi.org/10.17176/20190517-144428-0 https://verfassungsblog.de/historical-development-lessons-for-the-future%ef%bb%bf/ The Historical Development of EU Defence Policy: Lessons for the Future? Graf von Kielmansegg, Sebastian eng 2019-03-25 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Common Security and Defence Policy Defense PESCO Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 Grand labels like a “European Defence Union” are rather misleading. In particular, there is no “European Army” in sight. For the foreseeable future, there is no return to the European Defence Community of the 1950s. A more realistic solution is a cooperative network of national armies, systematically using the concept of pooling & sharing.