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http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/6ac37823fdfc866e https://verfassungsblog.de/pushing-back/ Pushing Back - How to Limit Overcriminalisation of Assistance to Those in Need of Protection Costello, Cathryn Zirulia, Stefano eng 2024-02-29 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Criminalization of Humanitarian Work ECJ European Court of Human Rights Immigrant Smuggling Kinshasa Case Referral to the ECJ Search and Rescue smuggli Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 The CJEU has pending before it a crucial case on the criminalisation of seeking asylum and assistance to those seeking protection. At this critical juncture, this blog post highlights a sample of important decisions in which courts, giving effect to constitutional and international legal principles, set legal limits on this form of criminalisation. These cases reflect not only the appropriate legal limits, but also acknowledge the character of irregular migration and smuggling. Rather than framing individuals as  dangerous illegal migrants and exploitative smugglers, they reassert the humanity of both those in search of refuge and opportunity, and those that assist them.