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http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/44be9447a3465d6b https://verfassungsblog.de/genetic-sex-testing-sport/ Sex Testing on Trial - Legal Barriers to Genetic Sex Testing in Sport Erikainen, Sone Karkazis, Katrina Krech, Michele eng 2025-08-07 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Gender gender and sex discrimination legal gender sports Sports Law transgender rights Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 Two global sport governing bodies – World Athletics and World Boxing – decided to institute genetic testing. Both now require all athletes intending to compete in women’s events to undergo a genetic test. The intent is to exclude some women, including those with certain congenital “differences of sex development”, from women’s sport. This revives an old model – last widely used in 1990s – which was deemed unscientific, unethical, and ultimately unworkable. In today’s legal landscape, this renewed approach faces even more pitfalls.