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http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/ca99ffd63031501e https://verfassungsblog.de/customary-law-icj-climate-advisory-opinion/ When Custom Binds All States - Reflections on Customary International Law in the ICJ Climate Advisory Opinion Gehring, Markus eng 2025-08-15 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Advisory Opinion Climate Crisis ICJ International Court of Justice Internationaler Gerichtshof | Den Haag Klimakatastrophe State Responsibility climate change customary law Internationaler Gerichtshof | Den Haag Klimakatastrophe Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 The ICJ affirmed that States have binding customary obligations to prevent significant harm to the climate system and to cooperate in addressing the crisis. Rejecting arguments that climate treaties override these duties, the Court clarified that non-parties remain bound. While acknowledging law’s limits, the ICJ’s opinion provides a powerful legal foundation to guide climate negotiations, litigation, and collective action worldwide.