http://dx.doi.org/10.17176/20230511-181734-0 https://verfassungsblog.de/pnr-border/ Challenging Bias and Discrimination in Automated Border Decisions - Ligue des droits humains and the Right to Effective Judicial Protection Brouwer, Evelien eng 2023-05-11 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Border Protection Borders data protection gdpr general data protection regulation Machine Learning passenger name record PNR privacy security Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 In Ligue des droits humains, the Court of Justice of the European Union explicitly addresses the fact that the use of AI and self-learning risk models may deprive data subjects of their right to effective judicial protection as enshrined in the Charter. The importance of this judgment cannot be understated for non-EU citizens and at the European borders more generally.