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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Challenging Bias and Discrimination in Automated Border Decisions - Ligue des droits humains and the Right to Effective Judicial Protection</title>
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    <namePart>Brouwer, Evelien</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2023-05-11</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">In Ligue des droits humains, the Court of Justice of the European Union explicitly addresses the fact that the use of AI and self-learning risk models may deprive data subjects of their right to effective judicial protection as enshrined in the Charter. The importance of this judgment cannot be understated for non-EU citizens and at the European borders more generally.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Brouwer, Evelien</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Border Protection</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Borders</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>data protection</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>gdpr</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>general data protection regulation</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Machine Learning</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>passenger name record</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>PNR</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>privacy</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>security</topic>
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  <classification authority="ddc" edition="23">342</classification>
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    <url displayLabel="raw object" usage="primary display">https://verfassungsblog.de/pnr-border/</url>
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      <title>Verfassungsblog</title>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
    <name>
      <namePart>Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH</namePart>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.17176/20230511-181734-0</identifier>
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