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  <titleInfo>
    <title>Towards a Bundle of Duties - Shell v Milieudefensie Confirms Major Developments in Climate Change Liability</title>
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    <namePart>Paiement, Phillip</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2024-11-15</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">This week’s decision in Shell v Milieudefensie from the Hague Court of Appeals seemed like a blow to climate litigation: Milieudefensie was ultimately unsuccessful in convincing the Court that it could transpose a global requirement for 45% emissions reductions by 2030 into an obligation for a particular actor. Yet, the Court of Appeals decision marks considerable progress in how we understand the civil liability of large Dutch economic actors for their contributions to climate change.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Paiement, Phillip</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Climate</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Climate Crisis</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Climate Liability</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Klimaschutz</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Netherlands</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Paris Agreement</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Shell</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>climate change litigation</topic>
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    <topic>climate litigation</topic>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/c62acfbab91c73a3</identifier>
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