http://dx.doi.org/10.17176/20180705-145922-0 https://verfassungsblog.de/the-ag-opinion-in-the-celmer-case-why-the-test-for-the-appearance-of-independence-is-needed/ The AG Opinion in the Celmer Case: Why the Test for the Appearance of Independence is Needed Krajewski, Michał eng 2018-07-05 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 Aranyosi Celmer European Arrest Warrant judicial independence Mutual Trust Principle Rule of Law Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 In this post, I focus on what I believe is the most important question in the Celmer case: what kind of a test for the rule of law/fair trial, and with how many prongs? I argue that the rule of law/fair trial test that the Court should apply is the test for the appearance of independence, known from the practice of the ECtHR. I also argue that the Court should not leave the application of this test to the referring court but carry it out by itself.