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  <titleInfo>
    <title>The CJEU Versus the Constitutional Tribunal in Poland - On the CJEU’s Judgment in Case C-448/23 (European Commission v. Republic of Poland)</title>
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    <namePart>Sadurski, Wojciech</namePart>
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    <dateIssued encoding="marc">2025</dateIssued>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-12-20</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">On 18 December 2025, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) handed down a momentous judgment, in which it found that the Constitutional Tribunal (CT) of Poland does not satisfy the requirements of an independent and impartial tribunal established by law. The Court also found that through the decisions of that Tribunal Poland had failed to fulfil its obligations under the Treaty of European Union, as well as under the general principles of autonomy, primacy, effectiveness and the uniform application of EU law.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Sadurski, Wojciech</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>Non-Regression</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Poland</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Polish Constitutional Tribunal</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>Rule of Law</topic>
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  <classification authority="ddc" edition="23">342</classification>
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    <url displayLabel="raw object" usage="primary display">https://verfassungsblog.de/the-cjeu-versus-the-constitutional-tribunal-in-poland/</url>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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      <namePart>Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH</namePart>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/9104423f885c8755</identifier>
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