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  <titleInfo>
    <title>The Questionable Concept of Protective Weapons - How Strasbourg Pushes Back Against Protest Restrictions in Germany</title>
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    <namePart>Bücker, Johanna</namePart>
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    <dateIssued encoding="marc">2025</dateIssued>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-06-03</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">On 20 May 2025, the European Court of Human Rights handed down a landmark ruling in Russ v. Germany, finding that penalising a protester for wearing a makeshift visor breached his freedom of assembly. With its clear rejection of the German courts’ blanket approach, Strasbourg echoes long-standing constitutional concerns in German legal scholarship over the criminalisation of defensive gear at protests. Beyond Germany, the judgment affirms the Court’s role in shielding democratic participation across Europe.</abstract>
  <accessCondition type="use and reproduction">CC BY-SA 4.0</accessCondition>
  <note type="statement of responsibility">Bücker, Johanna</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>freedom of assembly</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Freedom of Expression</topic>
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  <classification authority="ddc" edition="23">342</classification>
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