nam 22 uu 4500 10.59704/858907ae5a62244c DE-Verfassungsblog cr||||| 250804s2025||||xx#|||||o|||| ||| 0|eng|| 10.59704/858907ae5a62244c doi eng 342 23 Narotzki, Doron Author aut Taxation Without Representation - How Trump’s Tariff Policy Undermines Democracy and International Legal Norms Narotzki, Doron Verfassungsblog 2025-08-04 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier What started as a trade war in 2018 – and a domestic policy aimed at recalibrating the U.S. trade policy – has quietly transformed into a tool of hidden taxation, enabling the U.S. executive branch, meaning the President of the United States, to raise revenue and dramatically influence fiscal policy without legislative consent or even minimal participation in the legislative process by Congress. This divergence from legal norms represents a constitutional rupture – what I call the rise of a shadow fiscal state: a parallel tax system designed and executed solely through executive discretion rather than transparency and congressional legislation. CC BY-SA 4.0 Fiscal policy USA United States Zollpolitik tariffs tax tax law (DE-588)4191024-2 gnd Zollpolitik Max Steinbeis Verfassungsblog gGmbH Verfassungsblog 2366-7044 https://verfassungsblog.de/us-tariffs-taxation/ raw object