http://dx.doi.org/10.59704/6b353778a623166e https://verfassungsblog.de/we-were-just-cooperating/ “We Were Just Cooperating!” - The Case for Frontex’ Fundamental Rights Obligations Salzano, Laura eng 2025-07-30 electronic resource text/html ddc:342 European Charter of Fundamental Rights External Border Control Frontex Joint Return Operations pushbacks Verfassungsblog Verfassungsblog--2366-7044 CC BY-SA 4.0 On June 12th 2025, Advocate General (AG) Ćapeta delivered her Opinion in Case WS v Frontex (C-746/23 P), concerning Frontex’ responsibility for violations of fundamental rights in joint return operations (JROs). The AG first exposes serious logical and legal flaws in the General Court’s approach before explaining why Frontex can be held directly accountable for fundamental rights violations when acting in cooperation with Member States; a question that was central to the applicants’ case but one that the General Court failed to address entirely.