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  <titleInfo>
    <title>“We Were Just Cooperating!” - The Case for Frontex’ Fundamental Rights Obligations</title>
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    <namePart>Salzano, Laura</namePart>
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    <publisher>Verfassungsblog</publisher>
    <dateIssued>2025-07-30</dateIssued>
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  <abstract displayLabel="Summary">On June 12th 2025, Advocate General (AG) Ćapeta delivered her Opinion in Case WS v Frontex (C-746/23 P), concerning Frontex’ responsibility for violations of fundamental rights in joint return operations (JROs). The AG first exposes serious logical and legal flaws in the General Court’s approach before explaining why Frontex can be held directly accountable for fundamental rights violations when acting in cooperation with Member States; a question that was central to the applicants’ case but one that the General Court failed to address entirely.</abstract>
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  <note type="statement of responsibility">Salzano, Laura</note>
  <subject>
    <topic>European Charter of Fundamental Rights</topic>
  </subject>
  <subject>
    <topic>External Border Control</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Frontex</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>Joint Return Operations</topic>
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  <subject>
    <topic>pushbacks</topic>
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    <identifier type="issn">2366-7044</identifier>
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  <identifier type="doi">10.59704/6b353778a623166e</identifier>
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