09 March 2018
The Limited Immediate Effects of CJEU’s Achmea Judgement
It seemed that Court of Justice of the European Union wanted to make it short and sweet: It took the Grand Chamber in its Achmea Decision less than fifteen pages to conclude that Investor-State dispute settlement (ISDS), as we know it, shall belong to the past, at least in an intra-EU context. Finito della musica? Not quite! Continue reading >>
3
08 March 2018
Todesstoß für autonome Investitionsschutzgerichte
Öffentliche Diskussionen sind kurzlebig: So schaute ganz Europa im Oktober 2016 gebannt auf das wallonische Regionalparlament, als dieses das CETA-Freihandelsabkommen mit Kanada zu blockieren drohte. Gegenwärtig besitzt der Freihandel auf unserem Kontinent mehr Freunde, was auch daran liegt, dass Donald Trump mit Schutzzöllen droht und wenig Europäer gerne dieselbe Politik verfolgen wie der US-Präsident. Mindestens ebenso wichtig wie Strafzölle auf europäischen Stahl oder amerikanischen Whisky bleibt freilich die Strukturfrage der Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit, die im Zentrum vieler Debatten um CETA und TTIP steht. Hier dürfte das jüngste EuGH-Urteil im Achmea-Verfahren sehr viel weitreichendere Folgen haben, als dies die deutsche Öffentlichkeit bislang realisierte. Continue reading >>The Court is dead, long live the courts? On judicial review in Poland in 2017 and „judicial space” beyond
How should Polish judges respond, now that the Constitutional Court is being used in the day-to-day politics, and keeps delivering goods for its political masters? We have to be unequivocal here. Any future decisions taken by the „fake Court” with the “fake” judges sitting on the cases will be marred by invalidity. The ordinary judges will have a valid claim not to follow these rulings. Should they decide to follow decisions made with the participation of, or made by, “fake” judges, their own proceedings will be vitiated by invalidity. Continue reading >>07 March 2018
Rückzug aus dem Atomabkommen: Drohen die USA mit einem Völkerrechtsbruch?
Seit Januar hält US-Präsident Trump die übrigen Mitglieder des Iran-Atomabkommens mit seinem Ultimatum in Atem: Wenn man nicht bis Mai die „desaströsen Fehler“ des Abkommens korrigiere, verabschiedeten sich die USA davon. Aber lässt das Völkerrecht einen Austritt überhaupt zu? Continue reading >>06 March 2018
Pakistan’s Supreme Court to Purify Parliamentarians
Only a good Muslim makes a parliamentarian. That seems to be the line the Pakistani Supreme Court has taken in disqualifying the disgraced former Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif as president of his own party and person entitled to nominate candidates for the upcoming Senate elections. Continue reading >>
0
05 March 2018
Climate Change and Freedom of Assembly: Some Human Rights Questions for COP24
A little over a month ago, the Polish parliament passed a law on organizational issues related to the Conference of Parties (COP24) of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which will meet next in December in Katowice, Poland. While the law has not received much international media attention, it has caused quite a stir amongst environmental non-governmental organizations and human rights activists. It prohibits participation in any spontaneous assembly in Katowice during the entire COP24 meeting; and authorizes the Polish government to collect participants’ personal data for reasons of public safety. Continue reading >>
0
03 March 2018
Was „Quatsch“ ist, wird Quatsch bleiben?
Zum SPD-Mitgliederentscheid hörte man zuletzt auch viele kritische Stimmen in namhaften deutschen Zeitungen sowie von führenden Staatsrechtlern. Der SPD-Mitgliederentscheid sei verfassungswidrig, weil er unter anderem die Mandatsfreiheit der SPD-Bundestagsabgeordneten in unzulässiger Weise einschränke. Einige Anmerkungen, warum es nicht nur unserer Verfassung Hohn spricht, eine basisdemokratische Abstimmung in einer Partei als verfassungswidrig zu bezeichnen, sondern zudem auch in der Sache unzutreffend ist. Continue reading >>02 March 2018
A Line in the Sand: The ‘Strict Observance’ of International Law in the Western Sahara Case
When the EU makes international agreements and implements them, its scope is not only limited by the competence allocation and procedures in its own primary law but also by fundamental features of the international legal order. In the Western Sahara judgment, the CJEU has drawn lines in the sand not only geographically but also constitutionally. Continue reading >>Cryptocurrencies: A ‘Sandbox for Regulators’?
By thinking loudly about putting the regulation of cryptocurrencies on the agenda of the G20, governments seem to have managed to keep the Bitcoin bubble from inflating into a systemic risk, so far. In a tongue-in-cheek sense, this behavior of supervisory and regulatory authorities can be described as the distributed ledger technology of financial supervision. It is distributed because it does not have a clear center. The G20 seems to be the common reference point for many actors, but it does not speak itself. It is like a shared code. Continue reading >>
0
01 March 2018
Is the Rule of Law Too Vague a Notion?
Is the rule of law too vague a notion to be enforced by the EU against its Member States? Discussing possible sanctions against Poland over its rule of law issues, the Bulgarian prime minister recently claimed that the rule of law is too “vague” to be measured before adding: “Every time you want to hurt someone’s feelings, you put [on the table] ‘the rule of law’.” Continue reading >>Misguided ‘Associate EU Citizenship’ Talk as a Denial of EU Values
Guy Verhofstadt is famous for articulate ‘The answer is more Europe’ positions on all issues European. Jan-Werner Müller might be right: should there have been no Verhofstadt, Eurosceptics would have had to invent him. This is particularly so given his position on EU citizenship for UK nationals after Brexit as the chief European Parliament Brexit negotiator. In this contribution, I explain why playing with any kind of ‘associate EU citizenship status’ for the Brits after Brexit is a terrible idea undermining all what should be cherished about the project of European unity. Continue reading >>
0
The Rule of Law in Poland: A Sorry Spectacle
With political appointments to its National Council of the Judiciary, Poland is now seeing the next step in the dismantling the rule of law. The change in the procedure for appointments to the Council was one of the reasons thousands of Poles took to the streets last summer to protest in the name of independent courts. Their fears have turned out to be well founded. Continue reading >>28 February 2018
Has the CJEU just Reconfigured the EU Constitutional Order?
On 27 February 2018 the Grand Chamber of the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) handed down a judgment in Associação Sindical dos Juízes Portugueses v Tribunal de Contas. The case concerned a legal challenge of the Portuguese association of judges against austerity measures temporarily reducing the salaries of public sector workers. The CJEU may have used it to potentially reconfigure a long-standing compromise underlying the EU constitutional order, and to send a signal to Poland (and others) and preparing for future engagement with what could possibly be independent Polish courts. Continue reading >>
0
Will Finance Policies solve the EU “Refugee Crisis”?
The German government is floating the idea of restructuring EU funds to benefit member states that take in migrants and refugees. What seems like a selfish move by the country that hosts the largest number of refugees in Europe may be an step towards resolving the lingering EU political crises. Continue reading >>27 February 2018
Steriles Politikverständnis: Zum Wanka-Urteil des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
Pressemitteilungen einer Bundesministerin, die der AfD die "Rote Karte" zeigen, sind mit dem Recht auf Chancengleichheit der Parteien unvereinbar. Das BVerfG verteidigt damit konsequent Oppositions- bzw. Minderheitenrechte und lässt sich weder vom politischen Betrieb noch vom politischen Lagerdenken vereinnahmen. Gleichwohl überzeugt das rigide Neutralitätskonzept des BVerfG nicht durchweg. Continue reading >>26 February 2018
History, Memory and Pardon in Latin American Constitutionalism
Do pardons have an effect on crimes against humanity? For the last few days, Peruvian society has been debating the pardon of its former president Alberto Fujimori, who has been convicted of crimes against humanity in 2009. On February 20 at the Max Planck Institut für europäische Rechtsgeschichte, the Legal Historian and member of the Constitutional Court of Peru, Dr. Carlos Ramos Núñez, presented a crucial intervention on the problems that face the current constitutionalism in Latin America. Continue reading >>
0
Who will Count the Votes in Poland?
In the shadow of an international outcry concerning a grotesque and speech-restrictive Polish law which would punish anyone attributing to Polish nation co-responsibility for crimes during the 2nd World War, a much more dangerous change has been quietly brought about, and just completed. A change which gives the ruling party Law and Justice (PiS) necessary mechanisms to “control” the election outcomes. To put it bluntly – a change of the electoral system which will make it possible for PiS to commit electoral fraud allowing it to stay in power, regardless of the voters’ preferences. Continue reading >>
0
25 February 2018
EU Leaders’ Agenda: Who’s Afraid of Reforms?
Last Friday’s ‘informal’ meeting of the European Council was a key moment in what its President, Donald Tusk, proudly calls his Leaders’ Agenda. Tusk wanted the event to prove that the heads of government are in charge of the EU constitutive process, and to prevent either the European Parliament or the Commission from seizing the initiative. As such it misfired. Continue reading >>22 February 2018
“Die meisten Dinge, die in Polen und Ungarn gelaufen sind, könnten ohne weiteres hier auch passieren”
"Wir haben gerade in zentralen institutionellen Fragen im Grundgesetz oftmals eine Unterbilanz an Konstitutionalisierung": ein Interview mit Klaus F. Gärditz zu Verfassungsgerichtsgesetz, Richterwahlen, Wahlrecht und anderen Feldern, wo eine entsprechend entschlossene Parlamentsmehrheit den Verfassungsstaat von innen nach außen stülpen könnte, ohne einen Buchstaben am Grundgesetz zu verändern. Continue reading >>„Wie in einem finsteren Film über den Kalten Krieg“ – Der völkerrechtliche Hintergrund der Eiszeit zwischen Vietnam und Deutschland
Vietnamesische Agenten entführen mitten in Deutschland einen Asylbewerber, der dann in Vietnam zu lebenslanger Haft verurteilt wird – ein eklatanter Völkerrechtsbruch. Doch auch die Reaktion Deutschlands wirft völkerrechtlich schwierige Fragen auf. Continue reading >>
0
20 February 2018
Think Twice before Speaking of Constitutional Review in Turkey
German journalist Deniz Yücel has been freed from the Turkish prison he was held captive for a year. That the partial undoing of an unjust judicial decision had nothing to do with human rights, and everything to do with “diplomacy” – as Gabriel admitted – became all the more evident a few hours later. While one court in Istanbul released Yücel, another sentenced seven Turkish journalists to aggravated life in prison on charges of involvement in the failed coup attempt on 15 July 2016. In addition to being the first conviction of journalists in relation to the putsch attempt, the ruling is also remarkable due to its implications for Turkey’s constitutional regime. Continue reading >>
0
16 February 2018
Von Karlsruher Erbhöfen, parlamentarischer Fragmentierung und der Gefahr schwindenden Institutionenvertrauens
Dass das Wahlverfahren zum Bundesverfassungsgericht wegen seiner Intransparenz, seiner vermeintlichen Verfassungswidrigkeit oder seiner faktischen Monopolisierung durch CDU/CSU und SPD von Zeit zu Zeit Kritik hervorruft, daran hat man sich längst gewöhnt. Dass das Gericht selbst und Teile der Öffentlichkeit nun aber offen vor seiner Politisierung warnen, ist in dieser Form neu, erklärungsbedürftig – und richtig. Continue reading >>Das Wissensproblem im Asylprozess und wie es behoben werden kann
Im Asylrecht stehen die Gerichte regelmäßig vor einem Wissensproblem: Um über den Schutzanspruch von Asylbewerbern urteilen zu können, müssen sie wissen, wie es generell um die Verfolgungssituation in den Herkunftsländern bestellt ist. Das ist nicht ihr Metier, denn ihre Hauptaufgabe ist die Streitentscheidung im Einzelfall. Wie kann das am Einzelfall orientierte Gericht der Aufgabe, generelles Wissen über die Herkunftsländer zu generieren, gerecht werden? Wie kann es insbesondere vermeiden, dass von Fall zu Fall inkonsistent entschieden wird, die Rechtssicherheit auf der Strecke bleibt und es zu einer „Asyl-Lotterie“ kommt? Continue reading >>15 February 2018
Converging Human Rights and Economics?
The adequacy of pensions, equality, mitigating impact on the poor, and protecting vulnerable persons and groups currently seem to rank high on the agenda of both economists and human rights lawyers. If this is a sign of convergence between the two regimes, it would be more than welcome as that may be the only way of overcoming the hegemonic struggle over which vocabulary to frame the discussion in. Continue reading >>
0
14 February 2018
Konzernmacht und Verantwortung für Menschenrechte und Umwelt: Neue Wege in der Schweiz
In der Schweiz könnten Unternehmen schon bald durch die Verfassung in die Pflicht genommen werden, weltweit für Menschenrechte und Umwelt Verantwortung zu übernehmen. Das ist das Ziel einer Volksinitiative mit dem Titel „Für verantwortungsvolle Unternehmen – zum Schutz von Mensch und Umwelt“, die die schweizerische Bundesverfassung um eine neue Verfassungsbestimmung zur „Verantwortung von Unternehmen” ergänzen soll. Continue reading >>13 February 2018