Beyond Bilateralism
On March 19, 2026, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered a historic, unanimous judgment in Sovereignty over the Sapodilla Cayes/Cayos Zapotillos (Belize v. Honduras) – Application by Guatemala for Permission to Intervene. The ICJ has traditionally been extremely cautious in permitting third-state interventions in cases, but it has now responded to ongoing critiques of that position and has opened up the possibilities for intervention in meaningful ways. In some ways, it may have shifted its approach to intervention toward a more permissive model, similar to that of many constitutional courts.
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Protecting Democracy Through International Law
While the 2023 presidential election marked a pro-democratic turning point for Guatemala, authoritarian forces continue to pressure the newly elected government to this day. In light of this, Guatemala’s pro-democratic government requested an advisory opinion on the protection of democracy and political rights from the Inter-American Court of Human Rights. This week, from 17 to 20 March 2026, the IACtHR will convene the public hearings. I argue that Guatemala’s pro-democratic government turned to international law to generate resources for its domestic struggle against national authoritarian forces.
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