01 December 2025

The Trojan Horse of Free Movement Law

On 25 November 2025, the EU Court of Justice confirmed in “Trojan” that Member States are obliged to recognise the marriage between two same-sex EU citizens lawfully concluded in another Member State in the exercise of their freedom of movement, even if their national legislation does not allow such marriage. While this outcome was largely foreseeable, the CJEU’s reliance on Article 21(1) of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights on the prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sexual orientation is striking, introducing a new, potentially transformative approach to equality in EU law.

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