13 June 2018
Weshalb man Asylsuchende nicht an der Grenze abweisen kann
Der Vorschlag, Asylsuchende doch einfach direkt an der Grenze abzuweisen, ist als politisches Material erstaunlich langlebig. Erstaunlich, weil das Recht dem Vorschlag so eindeutig entgegensteht. Das Europarecht steht ihm entgegen, in Form der Regelungen der Dublin-Verordnung. Wenn man die ändern oder missachten möchte, steht dem Vorschlag immer noch das Verbot der Kollektivausweisung in der EMRK entgegen. Und falls die entsprechenden Fraktionen überlegen, aus der EMRK auszutreten, steht der Zurückweisung von Flüchtlingen an der Grenze auch noch das Völkergewohnheitsrecht entgegen, mit dem Refoulement-Verbot und der deklaratorischen Natur der Flüchtlingsanerkennung. Insofern wäre politische Energie besser investiert, indem über rechtskonforme Vorschläge der Gestaltung von Flüchtlingsschutz diskutiert wird. Continue reading >>
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“Academics for Peace“ and their Freedom of Expression
The ‘Academics for Peace Petition’, published in January 2016, was signed by around two thousand academics from both Turkey and from abroad. The petition raised concerns, using strong language, about the conduct of Turkish security forces in their counter-terrorism operations carried out in response to violent actions by the PKK terrorist group and their supporters in south-east Turkey in the summer of 2015. One signatory, Füsun Üstel, professor of political science, was found guilty of committing the crime of terrorist propaganda under Article 7(2) of the Turkish Counter Terrorism Law and now faces fifteen months of imprisonment. The constitutional protection of Üstel’s freedom of expression has not been respected by the court in its judicial reasoning. Continue reading >>Klar und stringent: Beamte dürfen nicht streiken – acht Thesen zur gestrigen Entscheidung des BVerfG
Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat eine Entscheidung von großer Tragweite für das Berufsbeamtentum in Deutschland getroffen: Es hat das Streikverbot für Beamte bestätigt – ausnahmslos. Dabei ist es dem Gericht gelungen, das deutsche Beamtenstreikverbot nicht nur verfassungsrechtlich zu fundieren, sondern es auch mit der Rechtsprechung des EGMR in Einklang zu bringen. Continue reading >>12 June 2018
Dusting off the Old Precedent – Why the Commission Must Stick to the Art. 7 Procedure Against Poland
Here we go again. The reports are resurfacing that the Commission is ready to back away from the Article 7 procedure that was initiated against Poland last December. Should we be surprised? For anybody who vaguely follows the Commission’s vanishing act, the answer must be a resounding „no”. Instead, the analysis that follows offers a journey back in time and argues that the past teaches us some important lessons and … rhymes. Continue reading >>Völkerrecht klar benennen: Deutschland im Sicherheitsrat und der Einsatz für die „regelbasierte internationale Ordnung”
Am Freitag ist Deutschland für eine zweijährige Amtsperiode in den Sicherheitsrat der Vereinten Nationen gewählt worden. In ihrer Kampagne hatte die Bundesregierung unter anderem für eine Stärkung der Völkerrechtsordnung geworben. Dafür ist es zentral, dass Deutschland seine Rechtsauffassung im Sicherheitsrat deutlich artikuliert. Continue reading >>Suffering from Withdrawal – Controversy in the UK EU (Withdrawal) Bill
Beginning today, the EU (Withdrawal) Bill (EUWB) will return to the UK House of Commons, where all 15 amendments made to the EUWB by the House of Lords will be debated over only two days. The EUWB is arguably one of the most contentious and complex pieces of legislation to be presented to the British Parliament in this century. The amendments are a response to the concerns regarding the broad discretion across an unknown expanse of law with an almost-unfettered use of legislative power by the executive. Continue reading >>
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11 June 2018
Refugees in Orbit – again!
Matteo Salvini, Italy’s new far-right home secretary, tweeted “Vittoria!” after news broke that the 629 persons stranded aboard the M.S. Aquarius would be forced to proceed to the Spanish city of Valencia rather than being allowed to disembark at much closer ports in Sicily. But for whom was it a “victory”? Continue reading >>Reden wir über Geld! Warum die Pläne der Großen Koalition zur Reform der Parteienfinanzierung verfassungswidrig sind
Die aktuell von der Großen Koalition gegen den Widerstand der Opposition geplante Änderung der Parteienfinanzierung bedient nicht nur viele populäre Klischees einer „Selbstbedienungsmentalität“ der Parteien, sondern überschreitet auch klar die vom Bundesverfassungsgericht mühsam austarierten Grenzen der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung. Continue reading >>Neues vom Glossator (9): Erkenne Dich selbst, aber sprich nicht darüber
Über Gesetz und Recht, Fabian und Steinhauer, Bobbio und Grimm, Luhmann und Foucault (und Steinhauer), und warum deutsche Staatsrechtslehrer so selten in der ersten Person Singular schreiben. Continue reading >>Ankerzentren – verdorbener Wein in neuen Schläuchen?
Anker, das ist im allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch eine Metapher für Sicherheit, Zuversicht und Bindung. Im Koalitionsvertrag von SPD und CDU/CSU steht es für einen neuen Einrichtungstypus im Umgang mit Geflüchteten. Noch ist vieles unklar, aber fest steht schon jetzt: Rechtsstaatlichen Grundsätzen genügen diese Zentren nicht. Continue reading >>10 June 2018
Is the Reasoning in “Coman” as Good as the Result?
The Court of Justice of the European Union has not always enjoyed the reputation of being particularly LGBT-friendly, but its standing among those pushing for the better protection of rights of same-sex couples is likely to have improved considerably following Coman. While I agree with the substantive result of the decision, I am uncertain if the CJEU’s reasoning is equally convincing. My two main points of critique concern the interpretative techniques applied and the relationship between national identity and fundamental rights. Continue reading >>
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09 June 2018
In eigener Sache
Liebe Freund_innen des Verfassungsblogs, Ich wende mich heute an Sie […] Continue reading >>Open Letter to Vice-President Frans Timmermans
If the law on the Polish Supreme Court enters into force in the beginning of July, as is currently planned, a large number of sitting judges of that Court will see their tenure unconstitutionally extinguished. In combination with an increase in the number of seats on the Supreme Court, this means that the newly politicized National Council of the Judiciary, elected by the governing party, will be in a position to appoint a majority of the judges on the Supreme Court. 23 legal and constitutional scholars have signed an open letter to urge the Vice President of the EU Commission to initiate an infringement procedure against Poland. Continue reading >>Lithuania and Romania Complicit for Hosting CIA “Black Sites”
On 31 May 2018, the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) confirmed in two simultaneously published judgments, Abu Zubaydah v. Lithuania and Al Nashiri v. Romania, that Lithuania and Romania were involved in the running of secret detention facilities of the CIA, so-called “black sites”, on their territories as well as their “complicity” in the execution of CIA’s secret extraordinary rendition programme for suspected terrorists. Continue reading >>
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08 June 2018
If ‘Vote Leave’ Broke the Law, Could Brexit be Void?
Could Brexit be declared void by a court, and article 50 revoked, if there were major irregularities in the vote? Evidence is emerging of possible fraud, and criminal acts by Vote Leave, Cambridge Analytica, and Aggregate IQ: illegal overspending, psychologically profiling and targeting people with online ads, based on stolen data. Now, the legal opinion of three barristers has become public on how Vote Leave, and its organiser Dominic Cummings, committed criminal offences. Continue reading >>The Hungarian Constitutional Court betrays Academic Freedom and Freedom of Association
On 5 June the Hungarian Constitutional Court issued two injunction decisions, almost identical in their texts, which suspend the constitutional review procedures against two laws enacted in early April, 2017 by the Hungarian Parliament, outside the normal legislative process. The first, an amendment to the Act on National Higher Education known as „Lex CEU“ was challenged by a constitutional complaint, the second, the Act of the Transparency of Organizations Receiving Foreign Funds by 60 opposition MPs of the Hungarian Parliament with an abstract norm control notion. The handling of these two petitions by the Constitutional Court was odd in more than just one respect. Continue reading >>New Paradigms for the European Parliament
Without strong leadership Europe’s right-wing movements will remain a disparate band at next year’s European Parliament elections. There is one man who knows this: Viktor Orbán. The real battle next year will not be centred on Potemkin-like Spitzenkandidaten, but will polarise around Emmanuel Macron and Viktor Orbán. Continue reading >>07 June 2018
Bumps on the Roadmap towards the Republic of Northern Macedonia?
Greece and the Republic of Macedonia are one step closer to re-naming R. Macedonia into the “Republic of Northern Macedonia” or “Republic of Upper Macedonia”. On 28 May 2018, the Foreign Ministers of both countries have announced significant progress towards the bilateral treaty regarding the name issue. At the same time, a road map for the name change of the Republic of Macedonia was announced that includes a binding referendum by the Macedonian people. But what happens if the treaty is already signed and binding, and the people of Macedonia vote against the name change in the referendum? Continue reading >>Inkonsistentes aus Luxemburg: die Schlussanträge des EuGH im Chefarzt-Fall
Ein katholisches Krankenhaus, das seinem katholischen Chefarzt wegen dessen Scheidung und Wiederheirat kündigt, verstößt gegen das Verbot der Diskriminierung aus Gründen der Religion. Zu diesem Schluss kommt der Generalanwalt am EuGH Melchior Wathelet in seinen letzte Woche veröffentlichten Schlussanträgen zum so genannten Chefarzt-Fall. Folgt der EuGH den Schlussanträgen, könnte dies nicht nur das deutsche kirchliche Arbeitsrecht zu einer Neujustierung zwingen, sondern auch einen handfesten Konflikt mit dem Bundesverfassungsgericht heraufbeschwören. Continue reading >>A Crisis Made in Italy
The recent crisis surrounding the Italian President’s refusal to appoint a Finance Minister considered likely to pursue an agenda of ‘Italexit’ has sparked a great deal of constitutional commentary. Two particular threads of opinion are identified here and some doubts cast about them. On the one hand, there are those who consider legitimate the President’s discretionary use of power, partly in light of the pressure that would be brought to bear by the financial markets should Italy opt for exiting the single currency. On the other hand, there are those who doubt its wisdom, and offer a broader indictment of the pressure brought to bear on the Italian government as a result of being in an overly rigid Eurozone. This gets closer to diagnosing the condition, but in its ambiguity about the pressure point, fails to underscore that this is essentially a crisis made in Italy, and, if at all, to be resolved there, including a full and frank debate about membership of the single currency and even the European Union. Continue reading >>Bringt das EU-Recht den Europawahlen in Deutschland die 5%-Klausel zurück?
In knapp einem Jahr findet die 9. Direktwahl des Europäischen Parlaments (EP) statt. Bei der letzten Europawahl galt in Deutschland erstmals keine Sperrklausel. Wird sie nun durch EU-Recht wieder eingeführt? Continue reading >>06 June 2018
Who Controls a Facebook Page?
Days after the General Data Protection Regulation has entered into force, data protection and social networks are in the news again: Last Tuesday, the ECJ has decided that the administrator of a Facebook page is jointly responsible, along with Facebook itself, for processing personal data of Facebook users and persons visiting the page hosted on Facebook via web tracking. Continue reading >>The Taming of the Court – When Politics Overcome Law in the Romanian Constitutional Court
The Romanian Constitutional Court has backstabbed the Romanian President in his efforts to protect the independence of the chief anti-corruption prosecutor. On 30 May 2018, the Constitutional Court ordered the President to dismiss the chief anti-corruption prosecutor via presidential decree. Before, the President had refused the proposed dismissal by the Minister of Justice based on an Advisory Opinion of the Superior Council of Magistracy that stated that the reasons brought forward against the chief prosecutor were not substantiated enough to justify a dismissal. Continue reading >>
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Hic Rhodus, hic salta: The ECJ Hearing of the Landmark “Celmer” Case
The highly anticipated hearing in the Celmer case took place on 1 June 2018 before the Grand Chamber of the ECJ. The stakes are undoubtedly high. On the one hand, the efficiency of the European Arrest Warrant mechanism is clearly at risk — a risk which could lead to broader consequences for the whole architecture of mutual trust and recognition. On the other hand, the Celmer dispute goes to the heart of the problems surrounding the current Polish judicial reforms, and to the ensuing concerns about judicial independence. Taking into account the present negotiations between the Polish government and the Commission, Celmer is unquestionably both political and delicate in the extreme. Continue reading >>05 June 2018
The Federal Rainbow Dream: On Free Movement of Gay Spouses under EU Law
After a pretty disappointing and self-contradictory judgement on the wedding cakes delivered yesterday by the US Supreme Court, the CJEU came up today with the long-awaited decision in the Coman case – putting a thick full stop on a long debate about the interpretation of the term ‘spouses’ under the EU Free Movement Directive. In short, the Court held that the term does cover spouses of the same sex moving to an EU Member State where a gay marriage remains unrecognized. This simple YES is a huge step forward in federalizing the EU constitutional space in a time of multiple crises. Continue reading >>Two Courts, two Languages? The Taricco Saga Ends on a Worrying Note
The epic story of the confrontation between the Italian Constitutional Court (ICC) and the European Court of Justice (ECJ) that has become known under name Taricco has come to an end at last – somewhat different than expected, but nevertheless. On May 31 the ICC has handed down its final judgment. The hatchet between the Courts is buried. But the way it was done by the ICC is by no means conciliatory. Continue reading >>
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Neues vom Glossator (8): Staatsrechtslehrer im Genderwahn
Über Staatsrechtslehrer, Staatsrechtslehrer*innen, Geschlecht, Geschlagenwerden, Phantasmen, Subkulturen, Angst und Roman Herzog. Continue reading >>04 June 2018