Massimo Fichera

The People vs. the Elite: Italian Dialectics and the European Malaise

Has the Italian President power of veto over the choice of the ministers of the government? Some argue that the Constitution does not allow Mattarella to go against the indications of the winning parties and should respect the will of the majority of the electorate, and should abstain from interfering with the political choices of the future Prime Minister. These considerations are not correct and follow from a superficial reading of the Constitution. Continue reading >>

Fabio Wolkenstein

Transnational Partisanship vs Transnational Democracy

The European Parliament has called for he creation of a European cross-border constituency, a transnational list of candidates from across the continent. This idea, recently popularised by French president Emmanuel Macron, has been gutted by the European People's Party, though – a move which could itself be seen as a powerful manifestation of the importance of transnational partisanship in the EU. Continue reading >>

Michaela Hailbronner

Caviar, Corruption and Compliance – New Challenges for the Council of Europe

Compliance with judicial decisions often poses challenges, all the more so when international courts such as the European Court of Human Rights are involved. How to react to a failure to abide by judgments of the ECHR has been a question for the Council of Europe for some time. But the suspicious background of a currently unfolding episode involving Azerbaijan may offer an unusually clear justification for a strong reaction even to a single case of non-compliance. Continue reading >>

Pau Marí Klose

Ethnocentric Mambo in Catalonia

Catalonia is a fragile object. As in many other places, history has assembled fragments without completely fusing them, leaving behind scars that remind us of the effort required to join what is diverse. These scars demand special attention because, contrary to societies where the wounds that produced them are old and almost forgotten, in Catalonia many of the wounds were still suppurating just a few decades ago. As they do now. For months, we have been at risk of tearing them open. Continue reading >>

Adeel Hussain

Save the Constitution!

India's oppositional Congress party wants to impeach Dipak Misra, the Chief Justice of India, who stands accused of allocating cases to the respective benches at his own, politically right-leaning whim. In its fight against the governing BJP party, the Congress party has launched a "Save the Constitution!" campaign. Unfortunately, its leader Rahul Ghandi's family has a history of entanglement with the constitution of its own. Continue reading >>

Wolfgang Schulz

Nicht nur eine Frage der Finanzierung: Karlsruhe verhandelt zum Rundfunkbeitrag

Dass das Bundesverfassungsgericht letzte Woche zum Rundfunkbeitrag zwei Tage mündlich verhandelt hat, überrascht auch vor dem Hintergrund, dass das Bundesverwaltungsgericht alle relevanten Fragen schon geprüft hatte. Wenn das Gericht nun doch grundsätzlicher prüft, stellen sich im Wesentlichen zwei Fragen: Ist der Beitrag in der aktuellen Ausgestaltung wirklich als Gegenleistung für den individuell zurechenbaren Vorteil anzusehen, die öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkprogramme empfangen zu können? Und wird dieser Vorteil verlässlich erfasst, wenn die Beitragspflicht einzig darauf abstellt, dass jemand eine Wohnung unterhält? Continue reading >>

Matej Avbelj

There is No Such Thing As a Particular „Center and Eastern European Constitutionalism“

After a new landslide electoral victory by the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán, a fresh perspective on constitutional developments in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has started taking shape. It could be described as constitutional appeasement. The argument goes that given a widespread popular support for the constitutionally backsliding regimes in Hungary, Poland as well as elsewhere, we should start examining our own theoretical premises from which we have been observing and evaluating the developments in CEE. Perhaps, there is not everything wrong with CEE political and institutional developments? Continue reading >>

Tomasz Tadeusz Koncewicz

The Białowieża case. A Tragedy in Six Acts

In the judgment of 18th of April 2018 the European Court of Justice has ruled (unsurprisingly) that by carrying on logging activities on the UNESCO-protected Białowieża Forest, Poland has failed to fulfil its obligations under EU law. In the Białowieża case the process of judicialization of the EU governance called for a concerted action and dual commitments: from the Court and the Commission. The Court did its part, Commission failed and reverted to its bad ways from the past: negotiating with the government who has been giving short shrift to the Commission and to the core values of the EU law for two years and will continue doing that under the pretense of striving for a compromise with the EU. The Commission continues to be missing one crucial element: the politics of resentment are not just one-off aberration. Continue reading >>

Carsten Momsen, Thilo Weichert

From DNA Tracing to DNA Phenotyping – Open Legal Issues and Risks in the new Bavarian Police Task Act (PAG) and beyond

Is Germany facing a tidal shift in police powers? Does the border between the prosecution of criminal offences and the prevention of looming dangers, which has so far been regarded as self-evident and constitutionally necessary, fall? Will people who are suspected of maybe committing crimes in the future only on the basis of statistical data or non-individualized investigative approaches be preventively restricted in their fundamental rights and even imprisoned in the long term? Is Germany on the way to comprehensive predictive policing, for which considerable risks of discrimination will be accepted? These questions arise from the critics of the draft act on police tasks, which the Bavarian state government intends to pass this week. Beside drones and online seizure one of the crucial investigative issues is the so called “DNA phenotyping”. Continue reading >>

Zoltán Fleck

Judges under Attack in Hungary

Judges seem to irritate the Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbán who likes to talk officially about “the judicial state” and irresponsible judges. Despite many problems with judicial autonomy and practice, judicial independence itself has remained relatively intact from overt political influence so far. More precisely: the governing party and its friends could not completely rely on the courts to get favorable decisions. For example, governmental bodies have regularly lost cases initiated by civil legal organizations for the release of public information. That, however, might change after Orbán’s latest electoral victory. Continue reading >>

Marcin Matczak

10 Facts on Poland for the Consideration of the European Court of Justice

In June, the European Court of Justice is to decide whether, despite massive legislative changes, the Polish judiciary is still independent and therefore able to ensure a fair trial to people extradited to Poland on the basis of a European Arrest Warrant. Marcin Matczak, a Polish lawyer, uses the old tradition of the amicus curiae letter – a letter from a friend of the court – to depict the situation of the Polish judiciary in 2018. Continue reading >>

Laura Gómez Abeja

“Passive Indoctrination” as a Terrorist Offense in Spain – A Regression from Constitutional Rights?

Spanish counter-terrorist legislation was originally aimed at fighting local terrorism of a nationalist nature. In Spain, the phenomenon was so present during the constituent process that the Constitution itself included a provision that allows certain fundamental rights to be suspended for specific persons, “in relation to the investigations corresponding to the actions of armed bands or terrorist elements” (art. 55.2 EC –Spanish Constitution-). Continue reading >>

Bérénice Boutin

Excesses of Counter-Terrorism and Constitutional Review in France: The Example of the Criminalisation of the Consultation of Websites

In the span of three years, France has adopted no […] Continue reading >>

Daniel Sprick

China’s Constitution and the People’s War on Terror

When HU Bo posted his tweet in July 2014, he […] Continue reading >>

Sebastian Spitra

Leges fugitivae: Wie Recht verschwindet

In Österreich vollzieht sich leise und beinahe unbemerkt die größte „Rechtsbereinigung“ seiner Geschichte. Alle Gesetze, die vor dem 1. Jänner 2000 verabschiedet wurden und weiterhin in Geltung bleiben sollen, werden im Anhang des Entwurfs zum Zweiten Bundesrechtsbereinigungsgesetz aufgelistet. Diese Liste umfasst 224 Seiten. Was nicht in diesem Katalog aufgenommen wird, soll seine Geltung verlieren. Mit Ordnungsliebe allein lässt sich dieses Projekt kaum erklären. Continue reading >>

Maximilian Pichl

Mit dreierlei Maß – Ellwangen und das Rechtsstaats­verständnis der Deutschen

Wer am Wochenende die politische Debatte und auf Twitter den Hashtag #Ellwangen verfolgt hat, könnte den Eindruck gewinnen Deutschland stehe kurz vor einem Bürgerkrieg. Dabei hatten Flüchtlinge nur versucht, die Überstellung ihres Mitbewohners im Rahmen des Dubliner-Zuständigkeitssystems nach Italien zu verhindern, ein Akt des zivilen Ungehorsams. Was immer in Ellwangen tatsächlich passiert ist, eines zeigt dieser Vorfall ganz deutlich: In Deutschland wird der Rechtsstaat mit dreierlei Maß gemessen. Continue reading >>