Das Parteiverbot in Deutschland und Europa

Die bundesweiten Demonstrationen in Reaktion auf das Potsdamer "Remigrationstreffen" haben die Debatte über ein Verbot der AfD neu entfacht. Welchen rechtlichen und politischen Hürden begegnet ein solcher Schritt, auch in Anbetracht wirksamer Selbstviktimisierungsstrategien der AfD? Wie gehen andere Länder mit vergleichbaren Bedrohungen für die Demokratie um? In einem Blog-Symposium des Instituts für Deutsches und Internationales Parteienrecht und Parteienforschung (PRUF) und der Stiftung Wissenschaft und Demokratie (SW&D) in Kooperation mit dem Thüringen-Projekt versammeln wir Beiträge, die das Parteiverbot grundlegend und aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven analysieren.

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The World Health System After the Pandemic: Towards Equity and Decolonization?

The COVID-19 pandemic laid bare the cracks in the global health system, exposing stark inequalities in access to life-saving vaccines. While the wealthier nations hoarded doses, millions in the Global South remained unprotected. What could a fair and decolonized global health system look like? This blog debate brings scholars from various disciplines together to assess current reform processes of the world health system and the role that law plays in it.

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Überleben. Ganz oder teilweise.

Grausame Wegmarken und die Zukunft von UNRWA.

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Surviving, in Whole or in Part

On the Past, Present and Future of UNRWA.

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28 March 2024

A Supremely Complex Decision

On March 28, 2024, a majority decision of the Supreme Court of Canada in Dickson v. Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation held that Canada’s constitutional bill of rights, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms (“the Charter”), applied against an Indigenous government’s residency requirements for election to the government’s Council.  However, the majority also held that a section of the Charter that offers some protective effect for Indigenous governments would protect this residency requirement from a challenge under the Charter. The case reaches significant determinations but with some messy splits amongst the seven justices who sat on the case.

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Paradoxien und Anpassungsbedarf im BVerfGG

Die Diskussion um ein Parteiverbot ist begleitet von politischen Bedenken vor allem hinsichtlich eines Scheiterns, das bei einem Antrag gegen die Gesamtpartei zumindest nicht ausgeschlossen werden kann. Doch bereits wenige Anpassungen im BVerfGG könnten ermöglichen, dass ein Verbotsantrag auch hinsichtlich der Teilorganisation einer Partei gestellt werden kann. Dasselbe gilt für den Ausschluss von der staatlichen Finanzierung.

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The Kovačević Case Revisited

On 20 March 2023 the Council of the European Union gave Bosnia and Hercegovina green light to start accession negotiations. However, despite this political endorsement, BiH must fulfill the conditionality criteria, including a series of six judgments by the ECtHR relating to the predetermined ethnic keys. The last case, Kovačević v. BiH, was referred to the Grand Chamber in December 2023. If the Court follows its previous case law, this should force the mono-ethnic political parties and their leaders as well as the EU institutions to insist on de-blocking the constitutional impasse for any realistic steps towards European integration.

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Power and Distribution in Global Health Governance

Since at least the 1980s, private actors and market-based mechanisms have played an increasingly important role in the provision of public goods and services and the pursuit of public policy objectives in general. A market approach is also widely used in the field of public health. In effect, the PPP approach, as illustrated by COVAX, can work to structurally protect the interests of (a majority) of the high-income countries. While PPPs in global health may do a lot of good things, their private law, contractualist nature and structures safeguard formal state sovereignty and voluntarism, predominantly benefitting high-income donor countries

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Keine Spielchen mehr mit den verdeckten Stimmzetteln

Viele der Maßnahmen, die jetzt erwogen werden, um sich gegen das Szenario einer schrittweisen Machtübernahme der rechtsextremen AfD zu wappnen, betreffen das Parlamentsrecht. So wichtig und richtig es ist, den automatischen Zugriff der AfD auf diese Ämter zu beschränken oder Blockademöglichkeiten zu minimieren, so merkwürdig bleibt, dass in der Debatte ein Aspekt regelmäßig ausgeklammert bleibt, der die Durchführung der Wahlen betrifft. Die geheime Wahl des Regierungschefs ist aus demokratischer Sicht nur schwer zu rechtfertigen.

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27 March 2024

Beyond the Blocs

On Monday, 25 March, the UN Security Council adopted a resolution demanding a ceasefire in Gaza and the immediate release of hostages, as well as emphasizing the need to increase the provision and distribution of humanitarian aid. The Resolution was adopted 14-0, with the United States the only member to abstain. As the Security Council website announces, this Resolution ended a “months-long deadlock”. The recent Resolution is not perceived by Israeli actors as binding. And yet, I argue that the fact that the US and Russia are now essentially voting together on the need to end this war could lead to significant further ramifications that may shape the region and beyond.

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Closing the Accountability Gap

In their latest ‘WHO transformation’ (which began in 2017), the WHO hired at least six consulting firms, praised by the Director-General as the ‘best firms in the world’. Despite their prominent role in WHO processes and reform efforts, there is a clear accountability gap in their role at WHO. Consultant engagement contributes to a trend towards informal governance and public-private collusions in an organization that looks less and less like a public authority.

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Rejecting Lip Service or Validating 1930s Family Values?

On 8th March 2024, the Irish people rejected two separate constitutional referendums on family and care in an overwhelming no vote. These amendments aimed to update a conservative and gendered ideal of family found in Article 41. The family and care referendums involved more abstract statements of directive constitutional values. The result of the referendums is a win for voter confusion, anger towards the government and the NoNo campaign. It is also a loss for political constitutionalism.

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Party Bans and Populism in Europe

In the latest episode in a decades-long conversation about militant democracy, the growing electoral success and radicalization of Alternative for Germany have relaunched debates about the appropriateness of restricting the political rights of those who might use those rights to undermine the liberal democratic order. While it is typical for dictatorships to ban parties, democracies also do so, but for different reasons and with compunction. Party bans respond to varying rationales which have evolved over time. However, a ban on the right-wing populist Alternative for Germany would be out of step with more general patterns of opposition to such parties in Europe.

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26 March 2024

The Silent Disintegration of Global Health Governance?

With an estimated 6,9 million deaths and with its enormous scale of economic, social and political collateral damages, the COVID-19 Pandemic has created excessive momentum for re-considering the rules and procedures governing global health – or has it? In this blog contribution, I will discuss the promises and pitfalls of current law-making and law-amending efforts that seek to strengthen pandemic governance post COVID-19 by reflecting on three distinct features of global health as an area of international cooperation.

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Towards Equity and Decolonization?

The COVID-19 pandemic exposed systemic problems in the global health system. It revealed that the global health system perpetuates global health inequalities rather than effectively reducing them: The international community, particularly the countries of the Global North, failed to make COVID-19 vaccines widely available to the populations of the world's poorest countries. This blog debate takes stock of the reform debate about a just and decolonizing transformation of the health system. Bringing together scholars from various disciplines, the contributions of this debate ask what a fair global health system could look like and what role the law plays in it.

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Delegitimation durch Verfahren

Oft firmiert die Annahme, dass soziale Ungleichheit politisch umso umstrittener sei, je weiter die Angleichung zwischen den verschiedenen gesellschaftlichen Gruppen vorangeschritten ist, nach ihrem Entdecker als das Tocqueville-Paradox. Im Hinblick auf ein mögliches Verbotsverfahren gegen die AfD ließe sich weniger bildungsbürgerlich, aber durchaus treffend auf ein „Herr Tur Tur-Paradox“ verweisen. Ähnlich wie der Scheinriese aus dem Kinderbuch Michael Endes wirkt das Instrument des Parteiverbots aus der Entfernung sehr imposant – und schnurrt dann aber immer mehr zusammen, je besser sich die Eröffnung eines Verbotsverfahrens vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht begründen ließe.

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Zwischen Fluss, Meer und Strafbefehl

Macht sich strafbar, wer den Satz „from the river to the sea, Palestine will be free“ verwendet? In aller Regel nicht. Der Slogan ist vieldeutig und Gerichte müssen bei mehreren Deutungsmöglichkeiten wegen der Meinungsfreiheit genau begründen, warum allein die strafbare Interpretation plausibel sein soll. Er kennzeichnet auch nicht die Hamas, denn verschiedene Akteure verwenden ihn seit Jahrzenten bis heute.

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25 March 2024

Why Today’s UN Security Council Resolution Demanding an Immediate Ceasefire Is Legally Binding

Today, the Security Council adopted a resolution calling for an immediate ceasefire in Gaza during Ramadan as a first step to a “lasting sustainable ceasefire”. This comes after a months-long impasse and a total of five vetoes on the matter. The resolution is – despite statements to the contrary – legally binding and creates a legally binding request for an immediate ceasefire during Ramadan and a legally binding request to immediately release all hostages.

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Einerseits und Andererseits

Die derzeitige Diskussion um ein Verbot der AfD ist ein anschauliches Beispiel dafür, wie sich die Wahrnehmung auch ganz grundlegender verfassungsrechtlicher Institute im Laufe der Zeit verändern kann. Bis in die siebziger und achtziger Jahre des letzten Jahrhunderts war das Parteiverbot bei vielen geradezu verschrien; es galt zusammen mit den Notstandsgesetzen und dem Radikalenerlass als weiteres Repressionsinstrument eines autoritären Staates, als sichtbarer Beleg für dessen immer nur vorgeschobene Liberalität. Aber ob man den Antrag stellt oder nicht, ist eine schwierige Abwägungsentscheidung, die man auch nicht dadurch unterlaufen kann, dass man sie zu einer rechtlichen erklärt oder sie in der Verfassung schon vorweggenommen sieht.

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Silence is Golden, but not Mandatory

Last week, European Commissioner Breton received a slap on the wrist from the commission’s officials. After he (politically unwise) criticized the process of electing Ursula von der Leyen as the EPP’s leading candidate on X (formally Twitter), the Commission’s Secretary General did not mince his words in reminding him of his obligations under EU law and the potential sanctions for violating them. In this post, I argue that one cannot construe the duties of the Members of the Commission as a prohibition of political expressions of any kind.

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23 March 2024

Inquiring into the Technicalities of EU Law

It may sound trivial, but I argue that the technicalities of EU law have been neglected and that an in-depth inquiry is lacking. To see why such an inquiry might be interesting, we must go beyond the traditional understanding of legal technicalities and see them as protagonists in their own right. We need to focus on lawyers’ knowledge practices and to inquire into the transformative power of legal technicalities.

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A Critical Assessment of How We ‘Speak’ EU Law

Although EU law touches on several profound and complex ontologies of ways of living and being in the European polity, these meanings are usually not reflected in how lawyers and legal scholars ‘speak’ EU law. The reason for this is that EU law is formulated in a strikingly abstract and univocal way, leaving little room for an in-depth consideration of the different interpretations of the law by reference to the various values and conceptions of the individual and social institutions that it underlies.

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The Janus-Faced Culture of EU Law

Can there be a cultural study of EU law? The notion of legal culture is notoriously tricky. It is both omnipresent and yet seemingly ungraspable. Can we nevertheless hope to dispel the mystery of legal culture, and seize this notion as an object of study? And can it provide a method to improve our understanding of EU law?

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Überleben. Ganz oder teilweise.

Grausame Wegmarken und die Zukunft von UNRWA.

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