Accession by Algorithm
For over twenty years, the EU has viewed Albania as a potential accession candidate. Albania has since applied, undergone reviews, and obtained candidate status, yet core reforms have lagged amid political polarization and persistent corruption. Against this backdrop, the government has, since 2023, turned to AI – using it to translate and consolidate legislation, screen procurement opportunities, and even assign a system to a cabinet-level role. While these initiatives promise efficiency, transparency, and participation, they risk treating symptoms rather than the deeper ethical and institutional reforms required for EU acquis alignment.
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Independence as Immunity
The Italian Data Protection Authority, a cornerstone in the enforcement of the General Data Protection Regulation, is currently at the centre of an unprecedented judicial crisis. Recent searches by the police have involved the entire Board – including the President – on grave allegations of embezzlement and corruption. The scandal exposes a structural vulnerability in the European governance model for data protection: the independence of DPAs risks degenerating into immunity if it is not balanced by a robust and proactive system of external accountability.
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Accommodation at Any Cost
The OECD opened 2026 with a new deal on the “way forward on [the] global minimum tax package”. The new ‘side-by-side arrangement’ legalises this exceptional position for US companies. The EU has implemented the initial global minimum tax through a Directive, and Member States have implemented the rules domestically. I believe that the amendments to that legislation through the side-by-side deal highlight democratic deficiencies by delegating the formulation of tax norms to international forums.
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Racialized, but Equal?
The Danish housing law is an instructive example of what has long been described as the racialisation of poverty. Racialised groups are disproportionately represented among those living in poverty in Europe, due to historical and structural inequalities, while poverty itself becomes associated with these groups and framed as an individual or cultural failing rather than systemic injustice. While extensively analysed in sociology and critical race theory, the racialisation of poverty remains strikingly undertheorised in law.
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Reforming the Italian “Magistracy”
On 30th October 2025, the Italian Parliament approved a constitutional amendment that will be put to a referendum in March 2026. A brainchild of the Meloni government, the reform redesigns the constitutional framework governing Italy’s judicial system. Among other changes, it separates previously unified career paths for prosecutors and judges, and introduces a mechanism of appointment by sortition for members of all these bodies. Read in its historical and political context, we argue, the reform problematically weakens the third branch of the Italian system of government.
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Double-Layered Horizontal Effect
In the Egenberger case, the CJEU again effectuated a directive’s content via the horizontal direct effect of EU fundamental rights. The FCC not only continues to show openness to the CJEU’s approach, but even finds that notwithstanding differences in legal construction, it can achieve equivalent substantive results via its own doctrine of indirect horizontal effect. This leads to a curious result that may be described as a “double-layered horizontal effect”: Effectuating a directive via both the horizontal direct effect of EU fundamental rights and the indirect horizontal effect of German fundamental rights.
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Ziobro’s Asylum in Hungary
In early January 2026, media reports indicated that Hungary had granted political asylum to Zbigniew Ziobro, Poland’s former Minister of Justice and Prosecutor General and a leading figure of the Law and Justice (PiS) government, who is currently facing criminal investigations in Poland. The granting of political asylum by one EU Member State to a citizen of another Member State is not merely unusual; it is structurally exceptional under EU law.
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“The Centre of Conflict Itself”
In late November, the German Ministry of Defense and the German Foreign Office jointly published the first-ever “Space Safety and Security Strategy”. Its most remarkable aspect is the straightforward recognition of Outer Space “increasingly [as] the centre of conflict itself”. In the absence of a comprehensive multilateral treaty, the specific application of international law’s principles to the military uses of Outer Space is currently under development. Given significant divisions among spacefaring states, this legal order will most likely crystallize through a non-linear, heterogeneous process of individual statements, actions, and reactions. Germany’s strategy chimes into this debate and sets the tone for a much-anticipated Federal Space Law.
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Politik unter der Flagge von Wissenschaft?
Neutralität ist kein Machtinstrument, sondern eine professionelle Haltung. Der Vorwurf, Objektivität diene heute vor allem der Disziplinierung kritischer Stimmen, greift zu kurz. Nicht politische Enthaltung, sondern die klare Trennung von wissenschaftlicher Analyse und politischer Stellungnahme schützt die Glaubwürdigkeit der Rechtswissenschaft – gerade in unruhigen Zeiten. Wer unter dem Banner der Wissenschaft politisch interveniert, riskiert, wissenschaftliche Autorität zu missbrauchen. Verantwortung zeigt sich in methodischer Disziplin und der bewussten Begrenzung der eigenen Rolle.
Continue reading >>Neutralität als Fiktion
Neutralität im Recht verspricht Objektivität und Distanz, doch sie entpuppt sich als historisch normiertes Machtinstrument, das heute vor allem kritische Stimmen in Institutionen und Wissenschaft zum Schweigen bringt – während der Schutz des Status quo als unpolitisch durchgeht. Früher begrenzte sie staatliche Macht, nun dreht sie das Blatt zugunsten asymmetrischer Rhetorik, die Demokratieverteidigung delegitimiert. Die Antwort heißt reflexive Objektivität: Prämissen transparent machen, Machtverhältnisse beleuchten und bei Angriffen auf die Verfassung aktiv Verantwortung übernehmen.
Continue reading >>CURRENT DEBATES
Wem gehört die Wissenschaft?
Wem gehört die Wissenschaft – und wem sollte sie gehören? Obwohl Wissen als öffentliches Gut prinzipiell unbegrenzt teilbar ist, wird der Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Publikationen und Infrastrukturen durch ökonomische und rechtliche Strukturen beschränkt. Zwischen kommerziellen Verlagsmodellen, staatlicher Finanzierung und Community-getragenen Open-Access-Initiativen stellen sich grundlegende Fragen nach Eigentum, Verantwortung und Unabhängigkeit wissenschaftlicher Arbeit. Das Blog-Symposium „Wem gehört die Wissenschaft?“ greift diese Frage auf und beleuchtet Facetten der Organisation von Wissenschaft als Gemeingut, der Eigentums- und Machtverhältnisse im Publikationssystem und der Bedingungen offener und freier Wissensproduktion.
Read all articles >>In Good Faith: Freedom of Religion under Article 10 of the EU Charter
Freedom of religion, its interaction with the prohibition of discrimination, and the self-determination of churches are embedded in a complex national and European constitutional framework and remain as pertinent and contested as ever. This symposium examines the latest significant developments from an EU perspective, placing freedom of religion at the centre of analysis and critically assessing its operationalisation and interpretation in light of the EU Charter. Co-edited by Jakob Gašperin Wischhoff and Till Stadtbäumer.
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Volume 7,Issue 2
July 2025
JUS COGENS
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Killing Hitler Word by Word: The Oath as Apocalyptic Lawmaking
GREGOR NOLL
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Adjudicating Climate Protest as a Tool of Modern Republicanism
DMITRII KUZNETSOV
OUR LATEST PUBLICATION
Friedrich Zillessen, Anna-Mira Brandau & Lennart Laude (Hrsg.)
Das Justiz-Projekt. Verwundbarkeit und Resilienz der dritten Gewalt
Weltweit gerät die unabhängige Justiz unter den Druck des autoritären Populismus. Wie verwundbar ist die rechtsprechende Gewalt in Deutschland? In rund 70 Recherchegesprächen hat das Justiz-Projekt gemeinsam mit Expertinnen und Experten aus der Praxis Einfallstore identifiziert und Szenarien entwickelt, die plastisch machen, wie und wo die Justiz angegriffen werden kann. Antizipation beginnt jetzt.
PROJECTS
VB Security and Crime
In cooperation with:
VB Security and Crime is a cooperation of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (MPI-CSL) and the Verfassungsblog in the areas of public security law and criminal law. The MPI-CSL Institute is a member of the Max Planck Law network.
Das Justiz-Projekt
Weltweit gerät die unabhängige und unparteiische Justiz unter den Druck des autoritären Populismus.
Wie verwundbar ist die rechtsprechende Gewalt in Deutschland – im Bund und in den Ländern?
VB Security and Crime
In cooperation with:
VB Security and Crime is a cooperation of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (MPI-CSL) and the Verfassungsblog in the areas of public security law and criminal law. The MPI-CSL Institute is a member of the Max Planck Law network.
EDITORIAL
„Die NATO wäre tot“
Alles andere als eine US-Kontrolle über Grönland sei „inakzeptabel“. Mit diesen Worten hat Donald Trump diese Woche Sorgen vor einer US-Annexion Grönlands weiter geschürt. Während europäische Regierungen Dänemark ihre Unterstützung und Solidarität versichern, ist schon jetzt eines klar: Sollten die USA Grönland tatsächlich annektieren, wäre nichts mehr wie zuvor. Wir haben mit Marko Milanović darüber gesprochen, wie das Völkerrecht auf ein solches Szenario reagieren könnte – und was eine Annexion
Continue reading >>“NATO Would Be Dead”
“Anything less” than U.S. control of Greenland is “unacceptable.” With those words this week, President Donald Trump reignited fears that a U.S. annexation of Greenland could move from rhetoric to reality. As European governments move to reassure Denmark of their support and solidarity, one thing is already clear: if the Greenland annexation scenario were to materialize, nothing would be the same again. We spoke with Marko Milanović about how international
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