Europe’s Foundation and its Future: The EU Charter in Focus
On paper, the fundamental rights found in the EU Charter have undergone a remarkable journey, evolving from soft general principles of law into a transformative force shaping EU law. And while legal experts are well-aware of the foundational role the Charter plays within the EU, it has failed to become a document that European citizens have embraced as their own. This symposium, edited by Jakob Gašperin Wischhoff, is the first of several that aim to change this. Featuring legal scholars and practitioners examining the most pressing questions surrounding the Charter, we will show both its transformative force as well as areas where its potential is yet to be fully realized.
Read all articles >>Europe’s Geopolitical Coming of Age: Adapting Law and Governance to Harsh International Realities
This symposium explores transformative shifts in European security and defense law in response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, examining the shift from a presumption of peace to confronting existential threats. It focuses on how this transition reshapes critical areas like judicial accountability, defense cooperation, migration, climate security, and disinformation, underscoring the urgent need for new legal frameworks to protect democracy, security, and fundamental rights in an evolving geopolitical landscape.
Read all articles >>ZIVILER VERFASSUNGSSCHUTZ
Das Projekt Bundesrepublik!
Wir starten etwas Neues: Das Projekt Bundesrepublik. Stell dir vor, die Autoritären gewinnen. Was passiert dann? Worauf müssen wir uns vorbereiten – im Bund und in den Ländern?
Dem wollen wir in unserem neuen Projekt auf den Grund gehen. Die Zeit drängt! Spende jetzt, werde Teil der VB-Community und mach dich stark — für zivilen Verfassungsschutz.
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Volume 6,Issues 1
April 2024
UNSERE NEUESTE VERÖFFENTLICHUNG
Max Steinbeis: Die verwundbare Demokratie
Während Populisten überall auf der Welt die freiheitliche Rechtsordnung aushebeln, halten wir unsere Demokratie noch immer für unverwundbar. Die Feinde der demokratischen Vielfalt missbrauchen unter dem Vorwand, die wahren Interessen des Volkes zu vertreten, das Recht. Was droht Deutschland? Dieses Buch von Maximilian Steinbeis ist die zentrale Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse des Thüringen-Projekts und zeigt am Beispiel Thüringen, wie Populisten den freiheitlichen Staat zerstören könnten, indem sie Gesetze und Institutionen missbrauchen.
Es kann hier bestellt werden.
LATEST POSTS
Towards Universal Criminalisation
“Italy Criminalises Surrogacy from Abroad, a Blow to Gay and Infertile Couples.” This was the headline on the New York Times website following the approval of a law in Italy criminalising reproductive tourism. Giorgia Meloni had already introduced the bill, Act no. 824, in the last Parliament, and the current right-wing majority has now passed it. The news has gone around the world. Let us try to understand why.
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Warum Deutschlands neues maritimes taktisches Hauptquartier nicht gegen den Zwei-plus-Vier Vertrag verstößt
Am 22.Oktober 2024 wurde der deutsche Botschafter in das russische Außenministerium einbestellt. Die Bundesrepublik, so der Vorwurf, habe den Zwei-Plus-Vier-Vertrag verletzt, indem sie NATO-Truppen auf dem Gebiet der ehemaligen DDR stationiere. Ähnliche Vorwürfe waren von Demonstranten vor dem Tor der Hansekaserne in Rostock zu hören. An diesem Tag weihte Bundesverteidigungsminister Pistorius dort ein neues maritimes taktisches Hauptquartier ein. So scharf die Töne aus dem russischen Außenministerium ausfallen, so wenig hält die russische Ansicht indes einer rechtlichen Beurteilung stand. Völkerrechtlich ist die Umnutzung des Marine-Hauptquartiers aber unbedenklich und verstößt insbesondere nicht gegen die Stationierungsklausel des Zwei-plus-Vier-Vertrags.
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Art. 21 DSA Has Come to Life
Art. 21 DSA is a new, unusual and interesting framework to settle disputes over online content moderation decisions. By now, the first four online dispute settlement bodies (ODS-bodies) have been certified, and most of them have already started taking cases. In this article, based on recent interviews with representatives from all certified bodies, I will explore how these very first ODS-bodies are set up and which very first experiences they have made.
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Irritierend distanzlos
Das LG Erfurt hatte in einem knapp begründeten Urteil im August erstmals Eigenrechte der Natur anerkannt. Nachdem die gewagte (einzel)richterrechtliche Herleitung der Eigenrechte einiger Kritik begegnet war, legte das Gericht in seinem Urteil vom 17.10.2024 mit nunmehr ausführlicher Begründung nach. Andreas Gutmann wollte hier auf dem Verfassungsblog einige der kritischen Einwände gegen das zweite Urteil widerlegen. Doch seine Kritik an der Kritik geht meines Erachtens fehl.
Continue reading >>The Tail That Wags the Dog
In Opinion 2/13 the Court of Justice held that accession to the ECHR must not interfere with the operation of the principle of mutual trust as this would affect the autonomy of EU law. I offer a different reading: mutual trust is not a general principle capable of having autonomous legal effects. Furthermore, mutual trust is acquiring a novel value for the progressive operationalisation of the foundational values ex Article 2 TEU. Read in this way, it has then the potential to enhance fundamental rights protection and is certainly no bar to accession to the ECHR – it is the dog of core values that wags the tail of mutual trust and not vice versa.
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Weniger ist mehr
Praktiker, Politiker aber auch Wissenschaftler kritisieren schon seit längerem die hohe Anzahl von externen Kontrollinstitutionen für die Tätigkeit der Nachrichtendienste in Bund und Ländern. Fälschlicherweise wird häufig das Bundesverfassungsgericht für die Zersplitterung der Kontrolleure verantwortlich gemacht. Das verwundert, weil die Gesetzgeber verfassungsrechtlich einen großen Gestaltungspielraum haben und die Anzahl der Kontrolleure reduzieren könnten. In diesem Beitrag sollen daher Vorschläge unterbreitet werden, wie sich die Kontrollarchitektur durch relativ einfach umsetzbare Regelungen übersichtlicher gestalten ließe, ohne dabei Kontrolllücken entstehen zu lassen.
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Flagging Trusted Flaggers
Nachdem die Bundesnetzagentur den ersten vertrauenswürdigen Hinweisgeber (Trusted Flagger) benannt hat, werden Vorwürfe der Zensur, übermäßigen Einschränkung der Meinungsfreiheit und fehlenden Erforderlichkeit solcher Stellen laut. Dabei ist das Konzept der Trusted Flagger keinesfalls neu oder eine Idee das DSA und das Vorgehen gegen illegale Inhalte im Netz weiterhin eine große Herausforderung in demokratischen Gesellschaften. Der DSA schafft klare Vorgaben für Trusted Flagger und transparente Verfahren.
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Two Courts, Two Visions
The diverging standards of protection concerning the right to a fair trial, as interpreted by the CJEU and the ECtHR, remain a critical obstacle to the EU’s renewed attempt at accession to the ECHR. In this field, the two Courts seem to be drifting further apart rather than converging, leading to unresolved conflicts between the standard of fundamental rights protection and mutual trust obligations in the EU. Except in the unlikely event of a course-correction by the CJEU, this means that we are no closer to accession today than we were ten years ago, when the now-infamous Opinion 2/13 was handed down.
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Enhancing Fundamental Rights Protection
The EU should ensure fundamental rights’ compatibility of EU legislation before its adoption. To that effect, we propose three distinct paths to improve the EU control mechanisms. Whilst mechanisms to ensure quality control do exist, primarily in the form of impact assessments, these mostly remain a merely formal exercise. Henceforth, we suggest strengthening the ex ante fundamental rights review of EU legislation through enhanced involvement of FRA in the legislative process.
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Auf Konfrontationskurs mit dem EuGH
Mit dem am 31. Oktober 2024 in Kraft getretenen „Gesetz zur Verbesserung der inneren Sicherheit und des Asylsystems“ wurde unter anderem beschlossen, Personen, die einen Dublin-Bescheid mit einer Abschiebungsanordnung nach § 34a Abs. 1 S. 1 AsylG erhalten haben, von Leistungen nach dem AsylbLG auszuschließen. Die rechtlich fundierte und harsche Kritik in der Sachverständigenanhörung und in anderen Foren hat den Gesetzgeber nicht daran gehindert, diese evident unionrechtswidrige Regelung zu beschließen. Folge einer evident unionsrechtswidrigen Regelung, die individuelle Rechte beschränkt, ist die Verpflichtung der Behörden und Gerichte, eine solche Regelung unangewendet zu lassen.
Continue reading >>European Security and the Threat of ‘Cognitive Warfare’
Alleged threats from outside actors to the information ecosystems of the liberal-democratic societies in Western Europe have prompted policymakers to look for solutions that utilize artificial intelligence. However, such a techno-solutionist framing securitizes and externalizes an issue that is ultimately primarily societal and internal in nature.
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Of Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Rights Charters
The Council of Europe has adopted the Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence – the first of its kind. Notably, the Framework Convention includes provisions specifically tailored to enable the EU’s participation. At the same time, the EU has developed its own framework around AI. I argue that the EU should adopt the Framework Convention, making an essential first step toward integrating the protection of fundamental rights of the EU Charter. Ultimately, this should create a common constitutional language and bridge the EU and the Council of Europe to strengthen fundamental rights in Europe.
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Framing Fear
In the appraisal of international threats, seldom is media discourse included as an essential element of study. This post suggests that no analysis of international or European security is complete without considering the impact of mass media in shaping public perceptions of legal realities.
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Stuck Between Unity and Diversity
The role of the EU Charter in disputes concerning fundamental rights standards between the EU and Member States has been characterized by ambiguity ever since the Charter’s inception. As the EU deepens integration of Member States to effectively face the challenges ahead, I advocate for a pluralistic interpretation of Article 53 of the Charter that allows for a greater degree of accommodation of national particularities. In that way, one would reduce constitutional tensions and find that there may be unity in diversity after all.
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Interviewing EU Judges
Who are the women and men behind the CJEU’s decisions? The CJEU is an incredibly powerful institution, yet little is known about the backgrounds, judicial philosophies, and ambitions of its judges and advocates general. The Union’s “Help Desk,” as CJEU President Koen Lenaerts modestly describes the Court, is now interpreting broad-ranging rules while also giving legal meaning to ambitious and ambiguous values such as the rule of law. This is where the Borderlines archive comes in – we interview the judges and advocates general of the Court of Justice, to learn about their backgrounds, varied experiences, and their jurisprudential philosophies.
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The Messiah and His Oligarchs
On Power, Personalities and Populism.
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Three Takeaways from the Nearly Failed EU Referendum in Moldova
Moldova’s accelerated path towards the European Union nearly came to an abrupt halt. On 20 October 2024, the people of Moldova participated in a referendum asking whether they "support amending the Constitution with a view to Moldova's accession to the European Union". While massive Russian interference in the election process is evident (though the full proportion remains yet to be investigated), it would be too short-sighted and also dangerous for Moldova’s future path towards the EU to attribute the outcome of the referendum solely to external interference.
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