„Ein Verstoß gegen das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker“
Fünf Fragen an Jochen von Bernstorff
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“A Violation of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination”
Five Questions to Jochen von Bernstorff
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Pick and Choose at the ICJ
The International Court of Justice has recently begun to deviate from its own standards. Three cases illustrate the emergence of a new approach to assessing “circumstances” required for the indication of provisional measures under Article 41 of the ICJ Statute. Traditionally, the Court has applied a structured five-prong chronological test, established in Belgium v. Senegal. In contrast, it now seems to adopt a more selective, “pick-and-choose” approach to that test. While giving the Court a certain degree of flexibility in assessing the circumstances, this approach creates risks of arbitrariness and unpredictability.
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Neutralising the Captured Court
In September 2025, the CJEU ruled in the AW ‘T’ (C-225/22) case on the status of decisions issued by the Chamber of Extraordinary Control. Already in its previous case law, in L.G. v KRS, the Court found preliminary references from that Chamber to be inadmissible. Moreover, in the W.Ż. case, the Court had already considered certain decisions as “null and void” under certain conditions. However, the new AW ‘T’ case broadens the applicability of the “null and void” sanctions which will be of great importance for the Polish efforts to address the consequences of the rule of law crisis.
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Free Assembly for a Free People
In the age of the internet, people coming together in physical space still matters a great deal. This is especially true in countries where democracy is under threat. As has become increasingly clear during the past twenty years of the “global democratic recession,” existing institutions, not least courts, often fail to stop aspiring autocrats, while citizens on streets and squares might push back effectively – at least sometimes. Yet virtually everywhere the right to assemble has become more restricted. Even in non-autocratic contexts, states are ready to crack down on particular people. It is urgent to reverse this trend.
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The Sahel’s ICC Exit
Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger trumpet their withdrawal from the International Criminal Court as an act of sovereign defiance and decolonization, but the spectacle barely conceals its true aim: impunity. All three juntas seized power by force and stand accused of atrocities committed by their militaries and Russian-backed auxiliaries. By rejecting The Hague, they aren’t reclaiming justice for Africa; they’re dismantling the last external check on their power, turning “sovereignty” into a shield against accountability and leaving victims in the Sahel with nowhere to turn.
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Chatbots, Teens, and the Lure of AI Sirens
On 26 August 2025, the parents of 16-year-old Adam Raine filed a lawsuit against OpenAI and its CEO, following their son’s suicide, allegedly influenced by ChatGPT. The case sparked an FTC inquiry and renewed debates on the psychological risks of AI chatbots for minors. Drawing from this lawsuit, the article examines the mental health implications of AI-driven conversational agents, explores legal and technical measures to protect children, and assesses the role of tort law in regulating AI developers.
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Kampf gegen Recht(s)
Vor allem Populisten machen die Demokratie verwundbar. Doch auch, wer die Demokratie verteidigen will, kann sie verwunden. Ein aktuelles Beispiel ist das Verbot einer Versammlung in der Nacht vom 11. auf den 12. September 2025, dem Tag der sogenannten Brandnacht in der Stadt Darmstadt – als 1944 ca. 12.000 Menschen einem Luftangriff der Alliierten zum Opfer fielen. Wie das VG Darmstadt nun bestätigte, war ein Verbot offensichtlich nicht zulässig. Dennoch hielt die Stadt daran fest – und schwächte damit die demokratische Grundordnung, statt sie zu verteidigen.
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Das Los der Soldaten
Es ist kein Zufall, dass der Vorschlag, bei der Ausgestaltung der neuen Wehrpflicht das Losverfahren einzusetzen, vor allem auf Seiten der politischen Linken auf Widerstand stößt. Die Ablehnung des positiven Rekurses auf den Zufall gehört auf Seiten der politischen Linken zum festen Kern ihrer epistemologischen Grundüberzeugungen. Dabei gibt es durchaus gute Gründe, in bestimmten Fällen ein Entscheidungsverfahren zu wählen, das ohne die Berücksichtigung vermeintlich guter bzw. „sachgerechter“ Gründe auskommt.
Continue reading >>Codifying Belonging
Amid numerous global catastrophes, a quieter crisis at home is strikingly overlooked: a direct attack on equality and, effectively, the denial of Roma people’s rights, their freedom of movement, and dignity as European citizens. The newly adopted Hungary’s 2025 Act on the Protection of Local Identity straightforwardly normalises racial exclusion at the local level under the guise of safeguarding “heritage” and “community values,” and directly empowers local governments to determine who may belong within their borders.
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CURRENT DEBATES
Mapping Article 13: Academic and Scientific Freedom under the EU Charter
Academic freedom is under pressure. Though protected by Article 13 of the EU Charter, this article received practically no or very little attention in both scholarship and EU institutional and jurisprudential practice. As legal and political developments accelerate, the meaning of this right is taking shape in real time. This symposium puts Article 13 in the spotlight and reflects its potential in light of past and present threats to academic freedom. Co-edited by Vasiliki Kosta and Marie Müller-Elmau.
Read all articles >>Defund Meat
Meat is an embodied symbol of the mounting and interrelated environmental and public health crises that have become characteristic of our era: climate change, biodiversity loss, deforestation, pandemics, food insecurity, unhealthy and unsustainable diets, and institutionalised animal suffering. Drawing from the Defund Meat conference in January in Heidelberg, this blog symposium moves the meat question from the margins into the spotlight. Convened by Saskia Stucki and Anne Peters, the symposium is supported by the Max Planck Institute for Comparative Public Law and International Law.
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Volume 7,Issue 2
July 2025
JUS COGENS
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Killing Hitler Word by Word: The Oath as Apocalyptic Lawmaking
GREGOR NOLL
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Adjudicating Climate Protest as a Tool of Modern Republicanism
DMITRII KUZNETSOV
OUR LATEST PUBLICATION
Friedrich Zillessen (Hrsg.)
Die vorbereitete Demokratie:
Resilienz durch Antizipation im Thüringen-Projekt
Was wäre, wenn autoritär-populistische Akteure in Thüringen Zugang zu staatlichen Machtmitteln erhielten? Wie würden sie vorgehen, um ihr eigenes Abgewähltwerden zu erschweren? Welche rechtlichen und institutionellen Spielräume stünden ihnen offen?
Für diesen Sammelband haben wir 35 Blogposts aus dem Thüringen-Projekt ausgewählt, die diesen Fragen nachgehen und über tagespolitische Ereignisse hinaus Relevanz entfalten. Die Beiträge testen Schwachstellen, entwickeln Szenarien und führen die Debatte über Resilienz weiter – und tragen so dazu bei, dass die Demokratie besonders dann wehrhaft ist, wenn sie vorbereitet ist.
PROJECTS
VB Security and Crime
In cooperation with:
VB Security and Crime is a cooperation of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (MPI-CSL) and the Verfassungsblog in the areas of public security law and criminal law. The MPI-CSL Institute is a member of the Max Planck Law network.
Das Justiz-Projekt
Weltweit gerät die unabhängige und unparteiische Justiz unter den Druck des autoritären Populismus.
Wie verwundbar ist die rechtsprechende Gewalt in Deutschland – im Bund und in den Ländern?
VB Security and Crime
In cooperation with:
VB Security and Crime is a cooperation of the Max Planck Institute for the Study of Crime, Security and Law (MPI-CSL) and the Verfassungsblog in the areas of public security law and criminal law. The MPI-CSL Institute is a member of the Max Planck Law network.
EDITORIAL
„Ein Verstoß gegen das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker“
Fünf Fragen an Jochen von Bernstorff
Continue reading >>“A Violation of the Right of Peoples to Self-Determination”
Five Questions to Jochen von Bernstorff
Continue reading >>