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Die Verfassung gerät immer mehr unter Druck. Um sie schützen zu können, brauchen wir Wissen. Dieses Wissen machen wir zugänglich. Open Access.
Wir veröffentlichen aktuelle Analysen und Kommentare. Wir stoßen Debatten an. Wir klären auf über Gefahren für die Verfassung und wie sie abgewehrt werden können. In Thüringen. Im Bund. In Europa. In der Welt.
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Intellectual Property and the Human Right to a Healthy Environment
As climate change worsens, interest is growing in the link between intellectual property protection and environmental sustainability. At the heart of these discussions are concerns that strong IP protection may hinder sustainable practices. This blog symposium brings together leading experts to explore the connection between the Human Right to a Healthy Environment and IP protection.
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Volume 6,Issue 3
October 2024
JUS COGENS
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ANDRE SANTOS CAMPOS
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GÜRKAN ÇAPAR
UNSERE NEUESTE VERÖFFENTLICHUNG
Kai Ambos (ed.)
The 2024 ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Occupied Palestinian Territory
The Advisory Opinion of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on the “Legal Consequences arising from the Policies and Practices of Israel in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem” was a groundbreaking moment in international law. In this edited volume, Palestinian, Israeli, and other scholars take stock of the Advisory Opinion and its regional and global impact.
“With this volume, Kai Ambos renders a critical service to the field having assembled intellectually rigorous, diverse, highly respected legal minds to shed new light on a long-running conflict from several distinct angles. The book is rare in its breadth of views and correspondingly instructive; a must-read for anyone seeking to make sense of the Israel-Palestine conflict.”
Janina Dill, University of Oxford
LATEST POSTS
Why Recognizing the Right to a Healthy Environment Would Strengthen the Environmental Human Rights Framework under the European Convention on Human Rights
The ECtHR lacks a mandate for general measures aimed at redressing or preventing environmental harm as such. Only the introduction of the environment as the object of human rights protection, through the Right to a Healthy Environment, could trigger the necessary conceptual shift and legitimise the Court and the CoE Committee of Ministers to require member States to take measures such as mitigation of environmental risks and ecological redress.
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Enforcing the Law of Democracy
It was a political bombshell. On Monday, 31 March 2025, Marine Le Pen, leader of the far-right party Rassemblement National (National Rally) in France, was convicted of misappropriation of public funds in the so-called “parliamentary assistants” case. The judgment is marked by an unusual degree of judicial creativity, particularly in its underlying conception of democracy, which may be understood through the lens of militant democracy. Although it does not constitute a political judgment in the traditional, partisan sense, its constitutional and symbolic significance is substantial—and the backlash it has provoked against the judiciary is a cause for concern.
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Fake oder Fiktion?
KI trennt die Stimme von der Zunge, das Gesicht vom Körper und macht sie zu beweglichen Instrumenten in den Händen anderer. Unsere digitalen Replikate können in lebensechten und doch völlig künstlichen Szenarien eingesetzt werden – sei es in ausgeklügelten Täuschungen oder offen fiktiven Inszenierungen. Beides wird gemeinhin als „Deepfake“ bezeichnet. Nun fordert eine Gruppe von Künstlern ihr generelles Verbot. Das würde zwar Missbrauchsgefahren reduzieren, aber auch den künstlerischen Einsatz der neuen Technik übermäßig stark einschränken. Denn Deepfakes genießen als Kunstwerke den Schutz der Kunstfreiheit.
Continue reading >>Öffentlichkeitsarbeit als Verfassungsschutz
Zum Schutz der Verfassung dürfen Ministerpräsidentin und Landesregierung sich im Rahmen ihrer Öffentlichkeitsarbeit auch gegen verfassungsfeindliche Parteien positionieren – so urteilte das Landesverfassungsgericht Rheinland-Pfalz am 2. April 2025. Diese Neubestimmung und Eingrenzung des bislang streng verstandenen Neutralitätsgebots für staatliche Stellen und Amtsträger ist folgerichtig und könnte in der Auseinandersetzung mit der AfD große Bedeutung gewinnen.
Continue reading >>Dictatorship of the Court vs. Will of the People?
On March 31st, French politician Marine Le Pen was convicted for embe-zzlement of public funds – and sentenced to ineligibility to run for office for five years, effective immediately. Since then, the RN incessantly gathered outrage, calling out the “tyranny of judges” and claiming that the verdict end-angers democracy. After a week, it’s time to take a closer look at “the scandal”. Spoiler alert: There is no “political death” that might be the fault of a court – if at all, it was a (easily avoidable) suicide.
Continue reading >>Der Unterwerfung widerstehen
Meine Antworten an die US-Grenzbeamten
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The Status of the Right to a Clean, Healthy and Sustainable Environment Under Customary International Law
The recognition of a right to a clean, healthy, and sustainable environment remains contested under customary international law. Some view recent UN resolutions as evidence of its emergence, while others argue they merely reinforce existing obligations. The Human Rights Council and General Assembly have acknowledged this right, but states differ on its legal impact. As the International Court of Justice examines the issue, the focus is shifting from recognition to implementation, with institutions now working to monitor and enforce environmental human rights.
Continue reading >>Frozen Russian State Assets
In February 2022, a coalition of states including all G7 economies froze approximately US$300 billion in Russian state assets. Over the past three years, debates have been unfolding as to how these funds can be used to enforce Russia’s obligation to pay reparations to Ukraine. With the prospect of EU sanctions unravelling in July 2025, legal debates over countermeasures and state immunities appear to be ceding stage to concerns over whether CBR assets ought to be ring-fenced in a separate fund to keep it out of Russia’s reach.
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Intellectual Property and the Human Right to a Healthy Environment
With the effects of climate change escalating, there has been a notable increase in discussions about the, at first glance, not obvious impact of IP protection on environmental sustainability. At the same time, considerations of human and fundamental rights in the context of IP protection are increasingly shaping the legal discourse. Given these two major trends in IP law – growing attention to environmental sustainability as well as to human and fundamental rights – it seems that the time is ripe to explore what the human right to a healthy environment might mean for IP.
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Judicial Harassment in Turkey
The arrest of the opposition’s presidential frontrunner Ekrem İmamoğlu marks a historic turning point for Turkey. It is emblematic of Turkey’s shift from "competitive authoritarianism" towards "full authoritarianism" or a weak form of fascism, demanding immediate and preventive intervention by the European Court of Human Rights. Most importantly, retrospective assessments of the recent events in Turkey are insufficient at this point. It is crucial to invoke Article 18 and the “chilling effect” doctrine before irreparable political damage occurs.
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Kapazitäten bilden
Seit dem Corona-Schulschließungsbeschluss steht die Frage im Raum: Macht das Recht von Kindern und Jugendlichen auf schulische Bildung Probleme der Schulorganisation justiziabel? Um es gleich zu sagen: Der kürzlich ergangene Nichtannahmebeschluss des BVerfG zu mangelnden Plätzen in Vorbereitungsklassen lässt dies im Ergebnis weiterhin offen. Die Entscheidung bietet aber lohnende Denkanstöße zu der Frage, inwieweit die Verwaltung bei der Bildung von Kapazitäten, die zur Grundrechtsverwirklichung essenziell sind, zur Rechenschaft gezogen werden kann.
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How Hungary’s Pride Ban Tests the EU’s Commitment to Democracy
On March 18, 2025, the Hungarian Parliament passed legislation aimed at protecting children from assemblies that promote homosexuality. Although the amendment imposes general limitations on freedom of assembly, it is commonly understood as a ban on the LGBTQ+ Pride march, just ahead of the 30th anniversary in 2025. The new law purposefully violates European human rights standards on freedom of assembly and LGBTQ+ rights, as well as fundamental values of the European Union, such as the rule of law and democracy (Article 2 TEU).
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Mehr als grenzwertig
Die „Arbeitsgruppe Migration“ hat sich bei den Koalitionsverhandlungen darauf geeinigt, „in Abstimmung mit unseren europäischen Nachbarn Zurückweisungen an den gemeinsamen Grenzen auch bei Asylgesuchen vor[zu]nehmen“. Während zuletzt Personen zurückgewiesen wurden, die (angeblich) keinen Asylantrag stellten, planen CDU/CSU und SPD nun auch Zurückweisungen bei Asylgesuchen. Grundsätzlich sieht das Unionsrecht dafür ein Asyl- bzw. zumindest Dublin-Verfahren vor, wobei Abweichungen nur bei einer „nationalen Notlage“ erlaubt sind. Welche Folgen hätten Zurückweisungen von Asylsuchenden an den deutschen Grenzen?
Continue reading >>Romanian Militant Democracy in Action
On March 11, 2025, the Romanian Constitutional Court definitively barred far-right extremist Călin Georgescu from running as a candidate in the upcoming presidential election. This decision represents the culmination of a series of landmark decisions through which the Court has strengthened the principle of militant democracy. Moreover, the Court has affirmed the EU and NATO membership as a central component of Romania’s democracy and rule of law, shielding it from subversion by the principles of non-regression and militant democracy.
Continue reading >>Der Staat gegen Marine Le Pen?
Gestern ist die französische Politikerin Marine Le Pen wegen Veruntreuung öffentlicher Gelder zu einer Geldstrafe i. H. v. 100.000 Euro sowie zu vier Jahren Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt worden. Besonders schwerwiegend und poli-tisch brisant: Als Nebenstrafe wird Le Pen mit sofortiger Wirkung für fünf Jahre das passive Wahlrecht entzogen, sodass sie sich bei den französischen Präsidentschaftswahlen im Jahr 2027 nicht zur Wahl wird stellen dürfen. Wurde hier nach Akten bestimmt, was an der Urne entschieden werden sollte?
Continue reading >>Simone Rozès (née Ludwig)
Simone Rozès was a pioneering French jurist who left a lasting impact on the French judicial system and beyond. Her decade-spanning career was marked by her many prestigious positions and her commitment to justice. However, as a woman in the mid-20th century, she also faced various challenges, including overcoming gender barriers within the judiciary.
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Assisted Suicide the Italian Way
More than 5 years ago, the Italian Constitutional Court ruled that assisted suicide must be permitted under specific conditions. Yet, Parliament’s inability to legislate has left this right in legal limbo. Now, recent regional actions could break the deadlock. The Italian region of Tuscany is setting an example for other sub-national legislatures to pass laws on the matter. This blog post argues that constitutional courts, and the ItCC in particular, should not stifle this kind of activism – especially when it steps in to uphold judicial mandates that the national legislature refuses to enforce.
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The Executive’s Responsibility for the Constitution
Who is responsible for safeguarding the constitution? Traditionally, constitutional lawyers have focused on the courts. But the alarming actions of Trump 2.0 and democratic backsliding across the world suggests we should think far more about the role of the executive. The UK House of Lords Constitution Committee (“the Committee”) has recently published a report on Executive oversight and responsibility for the UK constitution, which emphasizes institutions, in particular the civil service, as a solution the threats to constitutional governance posed but the executive. But this may be wishful thinking.
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Silencing Greenpeace
In a stark example of a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation (SLAPP), a United States (US) state court compelled Greenpeace to pay hundreds of millions of dollars for facilitating trespass, conversion, nuisance, defamation, and civil conspiracy. The EU has correctly recognized the harm posed by SLAPPs in so far that they diminish civil society’s capacity to represent under- or unrepresented interest groups, and leverage civil law proceedings to stifle dissent in favor of the economically and politically powerful. Now, we will see if the Anti-SLAPP Directive is robust enough to protect European civil society actors from abusive lawsuits.
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