03 November 2025
UNTBs Between Authority and Discretion
On 16 October, the Committee on the Rights of the Child published a Report holding France accountable for violations of the rights of unaccompanied migrant children. Moreover, France’s written observations to the Report testify to its persistent deafness. This tension exemplifies the role of the pronouncements of UN Treaty Bodies, which – although non-binding – are designed to guide states in interpreting their treaty obligations. Yet, while some national courts engage in an open dialogue, others turn a deaf ear. Continue reading >>
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02 April 2024
Between Legal Deficiencies and Political Restraint
Traditionally, it is Germany, not France, which is presented as the model example of militant democracy. Among the various provisions of the German Basic Law, Article 21 (2), setting out the procedure for banning political parties, is perhaps one of the clearest expressions of the basic constitutional decision in favour of a streitbare Demokratie. Nevertheless, setting concepts aside and examining empirical data, it is interesting to note that Germany has banned fewer political parties than France since the end of the Second World War. Continue reading >>
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20 January 2022
What is Low isn’t Free
Emmanuel Macron’s proposition to raise university tuition fees in France was met with much criticism, including that it would be unconstitutional. Yet, French case law is not very clear on this point. A recent decision of the highest administrative court, the Conseil d’Etat, opens a path for the government to dramatically increase tuition fees. That decision effectively amounted to overturning a landmark preliminary ruling of the French constitutional court, the Conseil Constitutionnel. Continue reading >>
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04 July 2021
The Grande Synthe Saga Continues
France’s highest administrative court ruled that the French government had failed to take sufficient action to mitigate climate change and ordered it to take additional measures to redress that failure. The Grande Synthe II decision of 1 July 2021 follows the findings by the Conseil d’État in a previous decision that France’s greenhouse gas emissions reduction targets constitute legal obligations that are enforceable against the state. However, how, and when to redress France’s failure have been, to a broad extent, left to the discretion of the government. This all but ensures the Grande Synthe saga to continue. Continue reading >>
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25 April 2021
A Securitarian Solange
There is sigh of relief across Europe after the BVerfG has rejected the injunction order by the plaintiffs against the Own Resources Decision. But a decision by the French Conseil d’Etat taken on the same day might be the far more important political decision. Indeed, the French Court goes further than the BVerfG by openly resisting the application of EU law. In this case, the French Government will indeed reject EU law for an extended (and potentially unlimited) period of time. Continue reading >>24 April 2021
The Conseil d’Etat refuses to follow the Pied Piper of Karlsruhe
The Conseil d’Etat categorically rejected the proposal that the courts of the member states, in particular their supreme (or constitutional) courts, would be entitled to review an "ultra vires" of the European institutions. The wording of the judgment is an implicit acknowledgement that there is a monopoly of the EU Court of Justice in the authentic interpretation of the Treaty - unlike the German Federal Constitutional Court in the Weiss case and the doctrine of constitutional identity and protection of national security. Continue reading >>25 March 2021
Liberté, Egalité, Identité
Berichten zufolge plädiert die französische Regierung vor dem obersten französischen Verwaltungsgericht, dem Conseil d’État, dafür, ein Urteil des EuGH zur Vorratsdatenspeicherung nicht zu befolgen, weil es gegen die französische Verfassungsidentität verstoße. Die Entscheidung steht noch aus, aber sollte das Gericht der französischen Regierung folgen wäre das ein weiterer Schlag gegen den Vorrang des EU-Rechts. Dabei ist die Berufung auf die französische Verfassungsidentität kein überzeugendes Konzept – erst recht nicht wenn es um Vorratsdatenspeicherung geht. Continue reading >>27 March 2020
Etat d’urgence sanitaire
In Frankreich stellt die aktuelle Krise Regierung und Verwaltung wie in vielen anderen Ländern vor eine Vielzahl an juristischen Herausforderungen. Die langen Reden des Präsidenten Emmanuel Macron an die Nation legen hiervon Zeugnis ab. Für einen deutschen Beobachter mussten die vielfachen Referenzen an einen „Krieg“ irritierend wirken. Dennoch sind die Maßnahmen in Frankreich als das zu beurteilen, was sie sind: Antworten auf Gefahren, die sich mit den bestehenden Instrumenten des Rechtsstaats nur schwer fassen lassen. Continue reading >>24 May 2019
#DeniedMyVote too: Brits in France, the European Elections and the Council of State
European Elections Day in the United Kingdom has been stained by revelations that many EU citizens were unable to vote due to various clerical errors, widely reported on Twitter with the hashtag #DeniedMyVote. It seems that something along the same lines, though on a smaller scale, happened to UK citizens residing in other Member States of the European Union, for example in France. Continue reading >>
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09 January 2018