19 May 2026
Rebuilding Markets, Restoring Democracy
After sixteen years, Hungary emerges from an era characterised by illiberal governance, democratic backsliding, and the systematic weakening of rule of law institutions. Rebuilding a credible, stable, and predictable legal system will be essential not only for restoring democratic legitimacy internally, but also for reconnecting Hungary to the core economic structures and values of the European Union. Such a transition requires a broader understanding of the rule of law that extends beyond public institutions to the governance of markets and economic relations. Continue reading >>
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16 May 2026
The Burden of Victory
At first glance, the over two-thirds majority that TISZA is set to enjoy in the new National Assembly seems to make the Hungarian transition 2.0 look much easier than might have been expected. And yet, this does not mean that there are no vital pitfalls. These challenges lie, namely, in restoring robust and meaningful accountability standards for both past and future power holders and, relatedly, in resisting the temptation to hold onto unconstrained power inherited from the predecessors under the guise of political necessity or expediency. Continue reading >>
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13 May 2026
The Big Lie of Two Thirds Majority
This is the fifth election in a row in which a party has gained a two-thirds majority. A two-thirds majority has long been the magic of Hungarian politics. Namely, it means domestically unlimited power. But the magic of the two-thirds majority is based on an assumption that has turned out to be a lie: that such a special majority guarantees compromise. As a first step towards a truly functioning pluralist democracy, it is time to disenchant the two-thirds majority. Continue reading >>
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12 May 2026
Transitional Justice after Hybrid Regimes in Europe
Academic literature and international legal documents on transitional justice have concentrated on transitions from dictatorships or armed conflicts, while neglecting hybrid regimes. In such regimes, corruption, state-organised plunder of resources, and the gradual demolition of democracy and the rule of law during the ancien régime require exceptional transitional measures. Just as the questions of democracy and the rule of law are not binary, transitional measures after hybrid regimes should also be proportionate. In European cases, the case-law of the ECtHR is mostly relevant. Continue reading >>
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12 May 2026
Polish Lessons for the Hungarian Transition
The victory of Péter Magyar and TISZA Party in the parliamentary elections of 12 April 2026 may be seen as a useful illustration of the theory of competitive authoritarianism developed by Steven Levitsky and Lucan Way. It suggests that even under uneven political conditions, electoral victory remains possible when an opposition movement is well organized, presents a credible program, and effectively capitalizes on the weaknesses and mistakes of the incumbent government. Consequently, claims about the demise of liberal democracy appear to be premature. Continue reading >>
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01 May 2026
Péter Magyar’s Cincinnatus Moment
The big question for Hungary’s democracy is whether Magyar and Tisza will establish a system that is pluralistic and avoids the risks and temptations of two-thirds majorities. Cincinnatus is the hero of Roman legend who saved his country from peril and, once done, returned to his fields. Magyar could become Hungary’s Cincinnatus if he constructed a pluralistic democracy in which many political currents have their space, in which majorities can rule and make decisions and in which courts and independent institutions ensure the rules of the game. Continue reading >>
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17 April 2026
Cheers, Dear Friends!
Viktor Orbán, as it turns out, can indeed be voted out. And to that I raise my glass of champagne. Cheers, dear friends! The haunting is over – this particular haunting, at any rate. And yet: how much we learned from it and through it and about it. How many concepts were coined in its study. What is populism? That, right there, what they were doing in Hungary. Continue reading >>
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14 April 2026
The Case for Constitutional Disobedience
With Péter Magyar’s landslide victory in the Hungarian parliamentary elections in April 2026, hopes of a return to democracy have rarely been as high as now. The electoral victory has the potential to turn into a constitutional moment for Hungary, yet it is overshadowed by a profound constitutional dilemma: Is it justified to disobey the constitution to rebuild democracy and the rule of law? I argue that constitutional disobedience may not only be justified but legally required in favour of substantive constitutional values and democratic rebuilding. Continue reading >>13 April 2026
Two-Thirds Majority Is Essential but Not Enough
We can start now rebuilding our democracy and constitutionalism. TISZA Party, led by Péter Magyar, secured a constitutional majority on 12 April 2026. This broad democratic authorization allows for the creation of a new constitution, but it will take time, a lot of effort, and careful consideration. A constitutional majority provides an exceptional form of democratic authorization. Yet, especially in reconstruction contexts, it risks reproducing the very patterns of concentrated and exclusionary lawmaking that characterized the previous regime. Continue reading >>
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09 April 2026
Beating (Authoritarian) Populism with (Democratic) Populism
Viktor Orbán, Hungary’s prime minister since 2010, is set to lose the parliamentary elections on 12 April 2026. According to recent polls, Fidesz’ main rival, centre-right Tisza, seems to be within reach of attaining a two-thirds constitutional majority. While this may provide conditions for re-establishing democratic institutions, it also implies that Tisza would not be constrained by any meaningful democratic controls. Avoiding the double trap of meeting populist expectations and stabilizing institutionally unconstrained powers are two major tasks the new government needs to perform. Continue reading >>
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