ABOUT THE AUTHOR

Agnieszka Grzelak

Prof. Dr. hab. Agnieszka Grzelak is a Professor of EU and International Law at the Kozminski University in Warsaw and Deputy Director of the Constitutional, International and European Law Department at the Office of the Commissioner for Human Rights in Poland.

POSTS BY Agnieszka Grzelak

06 May 2018

Agnieszka Grzelak

Choosing between two Evils: the Polish Ombudsman’s Dilemma

The Polish legislator has adopted several controversial anti-terror and surveillance laws recently. Ombudsman Adam Bodnar had had applied for constitutional review before the Constitutional Tribunal – but the cases were assigned to panels that included unconstitutionally elected "anti-judges". Therefore, he decided to withdraw the application. But that is not the end of the story. Continue reading >>

17 March 2017

Agnieszka Grzelak

Sententia non existens – the future of jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal?

One of the latest topics in the debate on the future of constitutional control in Poland concerns the possibility and the need of common court judges to directly apply the Constitution. This possibility has already existed in theory – according to the Article 8 para 2 of the Constitution of Poland, the provisions of the Constitution shall apply directly, unless the Constitution provides otherwise. However, in practice, until now in case when the conformity of the normative act with the Constitution was questioned in particular case, the court has always referred the question of law the Constitutional Tribunal. The need to come back to the discussion on direct applicability of the Constitution stems from the questionable legality of some Constitutional Tribunal rulings in connection with the incorrect appointment of three so-called “quasi-judges” in December 2015. Continue reading >>

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