17 July 2026
The Limits of Representation
Artificial Intelligence can produce biased outputs. In part, this is because unrepresentative data is used to train, validate and test AI. To remedy skewed datasets and train fairer AI, many call for more comprehensive and systematic data production and processing about diverse people’s bodies and lives, including disabled people. Yet this response rests on a number of assumptions. Drawing on disability data, I argue that we should be cautious about these assumptions when regulating AI. Continue reading >>
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22 June 2026
Where Are You Really From?
In recent years, both the European Union and its Member States have started relying heavily on advanced technologies, including AI, to support border control, migration management, and asylum administration. One prominent example of the increasingly technified EU migration control system is the Dialect Identification Assistance System (DIAS) used by the German Federal Office of Migration and Refugees in the asylum procedure. While DIAS is often described as a neutral and objective tool, there are dangers for individual rights protection and a clear risk of institutional disguise. Continue reading >>
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29 January 2026
European AI FOMO
The last 12 months have seen an extraordinary shift in the European Commission’s approach to digital regulation. In the policy shift, one of the major forces shaping the European Commission’s agenda may be described as AI FOMO (“fear of missing out”). The primary focus of this post is the proposed legislative reforms and their manifestation in deregulatory strategies. This post charts how such an agenda is driving Commission policy and highlights how AI FOMO is driving deregulation in EU digital law. Continue reading >>
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21 December 2025
Patchwork Policing
In November 2025, the federal states of Baden-Württemberg and North Rhine-Westphalia amended their state police laws to enable or expand the use of the US intelligence software Palantir – and thus triggered debate on AI use. Meanwhile, France and Luxembourg prioritise authorising AI-supported video analysis in public spaces. While the regulatory details may differ, the underlying dynamic is the same: legislatures are progressively expanding AI-assisted police powers without a coherent regulatory concept, exposing fundamental rights to uneven and unnecessary risks. Continue reading >>
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12 March 2025
Cross-Border Data Flows and India’s Digital Sovereignty
India’s data protection framework has been in the making for over a decade. The Digital Personal Data Protection Act was passed by Parliament in 2023, and the draft Digital Personal Data Protection Rules were released in January 2025 for public consultation. In this piece, I argue that the draft Rules do little to clarify India’s murky position on cross-border data flows. The ambiguous wording of the text grants unfettered discretion to the executive in operationalizing the localization mandate. Moreover, the lack of legislative protections for citizen privacy, coupled with missed opportunities to establish robust institutional frameworks undermines India’s own data diplomacy project. Continue reading >>
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10 February 2025
Spillovers and Unexpected Interactions
The La Quadrature du Net II decision’s ripple effects are profound. By placing the ruling in thick context, this analysis uncovers hidden legal innovations and unexpected interactions that could reshape the future of data protection in the EU. Continue reading >>
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02 December 2024
Data Retention Laws and La Quadrature du Net II
La Quadrature du Net II has been criticized for allowing generalized metadata retention measures. However, it is important not to lose sight of the fact that the law must not become a mechanism for protecting criminals. The scale of online rights violations are a real problem. P2P networks are not only a threat to copyright protection, but also an environment for the distribution of content related to serious crime. It is therefore necessary to strike a balance between these two concerns and to propose solutions that adequately protect users without guaranteeing impunity for criminals. Continue reading >>
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29 November 2024
The Challenges of Nuance
Five Questions to Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger Continue reading >>
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29 November 2024
New Media, New Data and a Dark Foreboding
After the major shift in surveillance practices from state power and control to big tech corporations and monetisation, we are currently witnessing yet another Zeitenwende: Surveillance practices as a means of hybrid warfare, with the AI-driven vision of accessing what people think and feel. This type of surveillance produces knowledge that not only claims to reveal what people are likely to do in the future but also what they feel and think. The consequences of this epistemological bending are potentially grave. Continue reading >>29 November 2024