31 October 2024
The right lessons from Trump 1.0
The US withdrawal from international institutions is a broader trend, not solely tied to Trump-era policies. Consequently, European governments that aim to preserve the rules-based international order should be prepared to take the lead and fill the gap left by the US exit. To pursue this strategy effectively, certain imperatives must be addressed. Continue reading >>
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Hoffnung für afghanische Frauen
Seit 2021 haben die Taliban über 80 Dekrete erlassen, um Frauenrechte in Afghanistan schrittweise einzuschränken: etwa den Zugang zur weiterführenden Bildung, zur Justiz und zum öffentlichen Raum. Australien, Deutschland, Kanada und die Niederlande streben nun eine Klage gegen Afghanistan vor dem Internationalen Gerichtshof an – wegen Verletzungen der UN-Frauenrechtskonvention. Der folgende Beitrag skizziert die Voraussetzungen für eine Klage und zeigt, dass das Verfahren internationale Solidarität signalisiert und politischen Druck auf Drittstaaten ausübt. Continue reading >>
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Courts, Constitutions and Authoritarian Consolidation in Pakistan
In 2024, Pakistan has moved in a decisively authoritarian direction. The civilian and military hybrid ruling coalition that came to power in 2022 is using electoral engineering and constitutional entrenchment to consolidate power in the face of popular discontent and resilient political opposition. This process of electoral and constitutional consolidation does not move forward unimpeded, without resistance, and requires capturing and coordinating state institutions. In this blogpost, I show that formal constitutional safeguards provided little protection against the hybrid regime’s capture and weaponization of electoral monitoring bodies. Continue reading >>
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30 October 2024
Whither, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights
So, has the Charter come of age, now that it is nearing its quarter century, and has been binding in force for nearly 15 of those years. No longer is the Charter a “sleeping beauty”, and no longer are fundamental rights mere epiphenomena in EU law – offshoots framed in the amorphous category of “general principles of law” – creations of the EU’s earlier desire for legitimacy in its quest for greater integration. The EU Charter contains the essence of a common language, a currency that all can understand. And the EU is better with it than without it. Continue reading >>
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The EU Charter’s Odyssey
Since its inception, the Union has grown into a tremendously powerful political actor through ever-increasing legal harmonization. This development has significantly marginalized the role of national apex courts – the lighthouses of democracy. Moreover, the globally observed trajectory of authoritarian forces is shaking EU's roots and questioning the vision of a lasting European polity. To fend off all these challenges, the Union should be centred around the hard-won humanistic freedoms and common values defined in the Charter, serving as a basis for common identification and a canvas to project shared visions of a political entity. Continue reading >>
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29 October 2024
Managing Migration the Italian Way
The Italy-Albania deal provides a new, some say innovative, approach to externalization in migration procedures. It differs from the current EU toolbox, raising issues related to these differences and the treatment of procedural rights. Where these issues arise and how they will be litigated nationally and/or in front of the ECJ is unclear but will shape migration discourses beyond Italy. Continue reading >>A Leap Forward for Biodiversity Litigation
On 23 October, 2024, BUND (Friends of the Earth Germany) and several individuals filed a constitutional complaint mirroring the Neubauer case, but directed at the biodiversity crisis. The claimants seek a declaration from the Federal Constitutional Court (FCC) that the lack of a coherent scheme for the protection of biodiversity infringes fundamental rights and seek an order from the court for the legislature to take the necessary measures to adopt an appropriate, legally binding protection scheme within a clear timeline. This case presents a significant development in the field of strategic biodiversity litigation as the first systemic government framework case. It can be seen as the Urgenda of biodiversity litigation. Continue reading >>
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28 October 2024
The Missing Chapter
The European Commission’s Annual Rule of Law Report aims to prevent further rule of law backsliding within the EU by examining the rule of law situation in Member States. However, the report is missing an important chapter: the EU itself. On 28 October 2024, the Rule of Law Clinic (CEU Democracy Institute, Budapest), together with experts from across Europe, began bridging this gap by publishing the first report on EU adherence to rule of law standards. Without a meaningful self-assessment of its own compliance with rule of law principles, the EU weakens its credibility, particularly when addressing systemic non-compliance with EU law by Member States. Continue reading >>
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Fruchtbare Irritationen
Im August 2024 hat das LG Erfurt als erstes deutsches Gericht Rechte der Natur anerkannt. Diese können demnach in den Dieselfällen eine „schutzverstärkende“ Wirkung zugunsten der geschädigten Fahrer*innen entfalten. Das Urteil hat – auch über Deutschland hinaus – für Aufsehen und Kritik gesorgt. Am 17. Oktober hat das Gericht nun ein zweites ähnliches Urteil verkündet, das die Gelegenheit bietet, nochmals einen Blick auf die Besonderheiten der Erfurter Konstellation zu werfen. Diese Besonderheiten irritieren nicht nur die deutsche Rechtswissenschaft, sondern auch die Diskussionen über Rechte der Natur in produktiver Weise. Continue reading >>26 October 2024
Die Wartefrist ist abgelaufen
Letzte Woche schlug ein Bündnis aus 26 Verbänden und Organisationen einen Gesetzesentwurf zur Neuregelung des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs vor. Danach sollen Schwangerschaftsabbrüche bis einschließlich der abgeschlossenen 22. Woche nach der Empfängnis sowie bei medizinischer Indikation bis zum Beginn der Geburt rechtmäßig sein und einkommensunabhängig von den gesetzlichen Krankenkassen übernommen werden. Der Vorschlag orientiert sich an den grund- und menschenrechtlichen Maßstäben und eignet sich deshalb hervorragend als Diskussionsgrundlage für die weitere Reformdebatte, die sich politisch und gesellschaftlich in vollem Gange befindet. Continue reading >>25 October 2024
Football at a Crossroads
The CJEU shook the world of football with its Diarra ruling on Friday, October 4. The impact of the ruling is all but a surprise for me. In a way, the FIFA transfer system was always on shaky legal grounds in terms of EU internal market law. Now, the chickens have come home to roost and key parts of the football transfer system have been brutally set aside. I aim to explain why the Diarra ruling marks a crucial turning point for football, its economy and even its identity. Continue reading >>23 October 2024
Wie die Grundrechte-Charta unbegleitete Minderjährige vor dem europäischen Verschiebebahnhof schützt
Die Anfang Juni 2024 im Amtsblatt veröffentlichten neuen Regelungen über das Gemeinsame Europäische Asylsystem finden ab 2026 Anwendung. Weiterhin zentral bleibt dabei die Frage, welcher Mitgliedstaat für die Bearbeitung des Asylantrags zuständig ist. In Hinblick auf unbegleitete Minderjährige verstößt ein Zuständigkeitsbestimmungsverfahren, das regelhaft die Möglichkeit der Überstellung in den Erstregistrierungsstaat prüft, gegen die kinderrechtlichen Garantien der EU-Grundrechtecharta. Continue reading >>
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Auf der Suche nach der verlorenen Zeit
In Deutschland gilt die Schulpflicht, aber nicht für alle gleich. Gerade Kinder geflüchteter Menschen kommen erst später in den regulären Schulunterricht. Dieser Beitrag beleuchtet die verfassungsrechtlichen Bedenken dieser Praxis und inwieweit der Gesetzgeber hier die Schulpflicht ausgestalten darf, gerade vor dem Hintergund der Kinderrechtskonvention und des Unionsrechts. Continue reading >>Getting a Grip on Migration but Mind European Law!
On September 13, the new Dutch government led by Dick Schoof outlined its programme for the next years. Unsurprisingly, a major point of this programme regards asylum and migration, for which the greatest ambition is to install the strictest regime ever and to include the Netherlands within the category of Member States of the European Union with the strictest admission rules. This post reviews these proposals through the lens of European Law to challenge their legal feasibility and flag the potential incompatibility with Dutch obligations stemming from EU and international law. Continue reading >>
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22 October 2024
Kein Mut zur Lücke!
Der jüngst eingebrachte Gesetzentwurf zum besseren Schutz des Bundesverfassungsgerichts stellt einen wichtigen Schritt dar. Allerdings klafft weiterhin eine große Lücke in diesem Schutz. Das Wahlverfahren sowie die 2/3-Mehrheit für die Richterwahl, die Senatsmehrheiten für gerichtliche Entscheidungen und die Gesetzeskraft bestimmter Urteile verbleiben im Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz und damit dem Zugriff einer einfachen Mehrheit im Bundestag ausgesetzt. Auch wenn politische Mehrheiten für eine weiterreichende Grundgesetzänderung nicht aufzubringen sind, besteht gleichwohl ein schonender Weg, um das Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetz stärker abzusichern: ein Zustimmungserfordernis durch den Bundesrat bei Änderungen des BVerfGG. Continue reading >>
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Vertretene Organe
Der Deutsche Bundestag hat kürzlich erstmals konkrete Gesetzesentwürfe zur Absicherung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts beraten. Nachdem das Plenum Vorschläge zur Änderung des Grundgesetzes sowie des Bundesverfassungsgerichtsgesetzes diskutiert hat, ist nun der Rechtsausschuss damit befasst. Ein Blick auf die geplanten Regelungen lässt jedoch Unklarheiten hinsichtlich der Zuständigkeitsverteilung im Rahmen des vorgesehenen Ersatzwahlmechanismus erkennen, die dringend behoben werden sollten. Continue reading >>
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21 October 2024
Fractured Foundations and Pakistan’s Kafkaesque Constitutional Amendment
Pakistan is in the throes of yet another constitutional crisis. The ruling coalition government, which is heavily criticized for coming to power through blatantly rigged elections in February 2024, launched a campaign to amend the 1973 Constitution in significant ways. After weeks of speculation, the federal cabinet approved a draft on Sunday afternoon, which was approved by the Senate later the same evening. The National Assembly approved the draft today around 5 a.m., with the President assenting shortly thereafter. Continue reading >>
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European Media Freedom Act and the Jigsaw of the “Parliamentarized” Italian RAI
Italian public media broadcaster RAI faces challenges in depoliticization amidst the European Media Freedom Act obligations. Its “parlamentarized” governance model is a risk for political capture in a politically loaded environment. Continue reading >>
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Tackling Israel’s Interference with the International Criminal Court
On 8 October 2024, The Guardian reported that a criminal complaint had been filed in the Netherlands in connection with the shocking (yet unsurprising) revelations published by The Guardian, +972 Magazine, and Local Call on 28 May concerning hostile state activities targeting the International Criminal Court (ICC). The criminal complaint is both timely and viable and should lead to the expeditious opening of an investigation by the Dutch prosecution service. The political response by the Dutch and other governments of ICC States so far is insufficient to address the problem of interference with the ICC investigation in the Situation in the State of Palestine. Continue reading >>
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19 October 2024
Von Agenten und globalen Kriegsparteien
Die georgische Demokratie befindet sich in der Krise. Die Regierungspartei „Georgischer Traum“ verschärft ihren autoritären, rechtsstaatsfeindlichen Kurs immer weiter. Am 26. Oktober wählen die Georgier:innen nun nach politisch ereignisreichen Monaten ein neues Parlament. Der Wunsch der Georgier:innen nach einer Annäherung zur EU ist dabei weiterhin stark. Doch auch wenn die Regierung zuletzt auf viel Widerstand stieß zeigte sich die Opposition überwiegend zerstritten. Ob sie es schafft, sich auf den Erhalt der Demokratie zu besinnen und ihre Differenzen hintanzustellen, ist offen. Georgien steht vor der kommenden Wahl, so auch die Worte Phirtskhalashvilis, am Scheideweg. Continue reading >>
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18 October 2024
Non-Retrogression as Progress
Latin America has often led the way in protecting the right to health, particularly in regulating risk factors such as tobacco and unhealthy diets. However, some of these advancements have recently been jeopardized as governments prioritize private economic interests over health. Judicialization has thus emerged as an opportunity – perhaps the only one – to defend progress achieved. Given recent judicial rulings in Uruguay and Ecuador, we reflect on the fragility of legal interventions that threaten powerful economic interests, as well as on the opportunities offered by human rights-based litigation. Continue reading >>
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The Strictest Asylum Policy Ever?
On 13 September 2024, ahead of the presentation of the State Budget, the new Dutch coalition presented their finalized plan to implement what it has labelled as the strictest admission regime ever in the field of asylum law. To implement its Outline Agreement, titled ‘Hope, Courage and Pride,’ the government plans to rely on an derogation provision in the Dutch Aliens Act 2000. We argue that the provision does not apply to the current situation and that the Dutch government therefore does not have the jurisdiction to render parts of the Dutch Aliens Act 2000 inoperative. Continue reading >>
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Taking Back Control?
This week, the Polish government unveiled its new migration strategy which lays out a proposal that, “in the event of a threat to destabilize the country by an influx of immigrants, it should be possible to temporarily and territorially suspend the right to accept asylum applications.” This blog argues that the proposal is not only unlawful but also poses a threat to the common European asylum system. This is so especially in light of the upcoming implementation of the New Pact on Migration and Asylum, a set of new rules managing migration and establishing a common asylum system at EU level. Continue reading >>17 October 2024
Nine Months Into Chaos
Ecuador is nine months away from the chaotic events of 9 January 2024: attacks and the seizure of a live newscast by members of organized crime, the consequent declaration of an “internal armed conflict” by the Presidency and the designation of 22 organized crime groups as “military targets”. This social and political process which has transformed the country is not yet fully understood and merits reflection on several key aspects of this ongoing dynamic. Continue reading >>
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Unleashing Horizontal State Liability
The Common European Asylum System (CEAS) is under attack. In a recent Judgment against Hungary, the European Court of Justice has unambiguously stated that non-compliance with the rules of the CEAS undermines solidarity between Member States and strikes at the very heart of EU law. Traditional means of enforcement, however, seem insufficient to foster compliance with these rules. Against this backdrop, this blogpost argues for the unexplored avenue for enforcing the CEAS via horizontal state liability. Continue reading >>Fundamental Rights Score a Goal
Amid the significant number of rulings delivered by the ECJ on 4 October 2024, the long-awaited judgment pitting football against the media stands out. In Real Madrid vs Le Monde, the Court held that excessive defamation damages may breach the freedom of the press and trigger the public policy exception under Brussels Ia Regulation concerning recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments. In doing so, the ECJ allowed national courts to conduct a substantive review of foreign judgments despite the principle of mutual trust, to ensure the enforcement of fundamental rights across the EU. Continue reading >>
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Welche Mutter, welcher Schutz?
Bei Fehlgeburten besteht derzeit kein Anspruch auf gesetzlichen Mutterschutz. Viele fordern deshalb einen gestaffelten Mutterschutz, zuletzt auch mit einer (unzulässigen) Verfassungsbeschwerde. Aus soziologischer Perspektive gehe ich im Folgenden diskursiven Implikationen dieser Forderung nach. Ein Mutterschutz nach Fehlgeburt würde Betroffenen auch symbolisch den Status einer Mutter verleihen. Was sich viele trauernde Eltern wünschen, könnte allerdings fundamentalistische Diskurse zum „Schutz des ungeborenen Lebens“ bestärken, deren Akteure das Recht auf selbstbestimmte Abtreibung einschränken möchten. Continue reading >>
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16 October 2024