18 February 2025
The De-Regulatory Turn of the EU Commission
The current events in the US, especially the takeover of executive branches by the non-elected private citizen Elon Musk, left legal scholars and other constitutional experts in a state of shocked disbelief. From a European perspective, many consider such a development unthinkable. However, we should not be too certain about that. The current decision of the EU Commission to carry out a “de-regulatory turn” illustrates how strongly a technical innovation narrative – one that has contributed to the success of individuals like Musk and their corporate conglomerates – is catching on globally. Continue reading >>
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What Madonna Got and the EU Did Not
For the past three months, Serbian citizens have been actively protesting, demanding a shift from the rule by man to the one, governed by the rule of law. The protests followed the tragedy of November 1, 2024, when the recently renovated canopy of the railway station in Novi Sad collapsed and took 15 lives and severely injured 2 individuals. The Prime Minister has resigned, and massive protests are sweeping across the country. Meanwhile, the EU continues to prioritize regional stability over addressing the President’s abuse of power. Continue reading >>
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How the CJEU Should Supervise the Court of Arbitration for Sport
On 16 January 2025, AG Ćapeta rendered her Opinion in the Seraing case which could have profound effects for transnational governance of sports. AG Ćapeta highlights convincingly the specificities of CAS arbitration, its forced nature and peculiar private enforcement system. She concludes that CAS awards should be deprived of res judicata effect and subject to EU law review. I advocate for a less disruptive approach. Instead of a total devaluation of CAS awards, we should condition the recognition of their bindingness to their compliance with European public policy and fundamental due process rights. Continue reading >>From Democracy to Dynastic Rule?
On January 30, 2025, the National Assembly of Nicaragua approved a constitutional reform that significantly strengthens the power of President Daniel Ortega and his wife, Vice President Rosario Murillo. The amendments profoundly transform the country’s political system, reinforcing the Executive’s influence over other branches of the state. This analysis aims to trace the political evolution of Nicaragua in order to better understand how the constitutional framework of the state is changing now. Continue reading >>In Search of Honour
There is a presumption underlying the liberal democratic constitutional project that has been exposed by the Trump administration in its first weeks in office – that formal constitutional structures are all we need to protect against bad political actors. But our entire constitutional system hinges on the very basic idea of people in positions of power doing the right thing. Therefore, I will argue that the behavioural chink in the constitutional chain that needs to be re-discovered is honour. Honour possesses the cultural potency, political currency, and psychological impetuous we need to turn the tide on illiberalism. Continue reading >>
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Transnationale Disruption
Scheinbar hat der amerikanische Vizepräsident J. D. Vance bei seiner Rede am Freitagabend das Thema verfehlt, indem er die europäische Innenpolitik kritisierte. Es handelt sich allerdings nicht um einen diplomatischen Fauxpas, sondern um die Verkündung eines Programms an der Spitze eines transnationalen „Bewegungsstaates“. Ideologische Anleihen macht Vance bei Carl Schmitt, denkt dessen „Raumnahme“ aber im transnationalen Sinne weiter. Continue reading >>
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17 February 2025
Vielfalt am Rande
Vom öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunk dürfen wir ein Programm erwarten, das die Grundsätze der Objektivität und Unparteilichkeit achtet und Themen- und Meinungsvielfalt möglichst breit und ausgewogen darstellt – so zumindest verlangt es § 26 Abs. 2 S. 2 MStV. Doch kann ein Sendungsformat, das als „Wahlarena“ gebrandet und kurz vor der Bundestagswahl 2025 ausgestrahlt wird, jedoch nur bestimmte Parteien berücksichtigt, diesem Vielfaltsgedanken Rechnung tragen? Ja, sagt das OVG NRW – nein, sagt der VGH Baden-Württemberg. Continue reading >>
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A Sisyphean Task?
Ethiopia finds itself at a critical juncture in its attempt to embark on a journey of confronting its violent past through a multi-prong transitional justice process. Despite notable progress in drafting the legal frameworks and the establishment of necessary institutional structures to set the wheels of transitional justice in motion, public trust in the current process remains fragile. The government's current crack down on civil society organizations and media freedom is likely to exacerbate this problem. Continue reading >>
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14 February 2025
Der geheimnisvolle Pegasus
Die Abwägung zwischen staatlicher Geheimhaltung und Informationsrechten stellt eine zentrale Herausforderung demokratischer Rechtsstaaten dar. Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht hat kürzlich entschieden, dass der Bundesnachrichtendienst einem presserechtlichen Auskunftsanspruch zum Einsatz der Spionagesoftware „Pegasus“ nicht nachkommen muss. Diese sicherheitsorientierte Rechtsprechung ist sachgerecht, da vollständige Transparenz im Sicherheitsbereich weder praktikabel noch funktional wäre. Continue reading >>
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13 February 2025
Trump’s Straussian Shysters: The Scary Sequel
Nearly three years ago I wrote here about the far-right constitutional theory behind Trump lawyer John Eastman’s role in the inept yet deadly January 6, 2021 coup attempt against then President-elect Joe Biden. I described the idiosyncratic reworking by Eastman and other so-called west-coast Straussians at California’s Claremont Institute of the ideas of the German-Jewish refugee Leo Strauss, an imposing, deeply conservative political theorist, into an apology for an executive-directed counterrevolution aimed ostensibly at restoring the original US constitutional order. Little did I imagine that Strauss’ Claremont disciples would soon enjoy a political comeback, and that they would once again be wreaking constitutional havoc. Continue reading >>Transgender Rights at a Crossroads in the United States
In his first month in office, US President Donald Trump has issued a series of sweeping executive orders targeting transgender rights. These orders build on political terrain that is now exceedingly hostile to transgender rights. In this post, I briefly examine the landscape for transgender rights in the United States, analyze what President Trump’s executive orders on transgender rights aim to do, and then discuss the stakes of United States v. Skrmetti, the pending Supreme Court case that will likely set out the framework that federal courts will use in adjudicating transgender rights cases under the Trump administration and beyond. Continue reading >>
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Once Populist, Now Mainstream?
The heydays of international law are over - that much is suggested by politicians and political observers in Germany. Those who still argue in favour of an international order based on international law seem unprepared for a world of autocrats and transactional deals. Allegedly, they fail to realize the need to protect and prioritize national interests. International legal practices are even perceived as immoral when authoritarian states rely on international law to oppose foreign policy decisions of democratic states, as exemplified by recent proceedings before international courts on the war in Gaza. For a long time, international law was almost idealized in German debates, but now something seems to be shifting. Continue reading >>12 February 2025
Reversing Emancipation?
Amid Bolivia’s current economic crisis, mining cooperatives remain key actors due to their strong capacity for (self-)employment and their deep-rooted historical presence in popular sectors. Their significance was reflected in their recognition in the 2009 Plurinational Constitution as a constituent sector of the country's "plural" economy. However, the strength of this sector has paradoxically led to weak regulations exposing miners to multiple risks, including the severe threat of silicosis. Continue reading >>
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Kippt in Brüssel das individuelle Asylrecht?
Während ganz Deutschland leidenschaftlich den „Merz-Plan“ für Zurückwei-sungen an den deutschen Grenzen diskutiert, hat in Brüssel eine Grundsatz-debatte von viel größerer Tragweite begonnen. In einer spektakulären Wen-dung erachtet die EU-Kommission „Pushbacks“ unter Umständen neuerdings für rechtmäßig. Das ist heikel, weil Pushbacks an den Außengrenzen das in-dividuelle Asylrecht beseitigen. Continue reading >>Voraussetzungen des Vertrauens im Auslieferungsrecht
Die Auslieferung von Maja T. nach Ungarn im Juni 2024 hat erhebliche verfassungsrechtliche Bedenken aufgeworfen. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat in seinem Urteil vom 24. Januar 2025 das Kammergericht nun für seine Entscheidung und die unzureichende Prüfung der Haftbedingungen in Ungarn kritisiert. Das Urteil betont die Pflicht der Gerichte, Zusicherungen im Auslieferungsverfahren nicht ungeprüft zu akzeptieren und stärkt die Position von Personen in Auslieferungsverfahren. Continue reading >>
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11 February 2025
Beyond Formal Legality
The Venice Commission’s position on Poland’s judicial reforms presents a paradox: it warns that measures to restore the rule of law could themselves violate it – even though the rule of law has already been undermined. To solve this paradox, I propose two conceptual clarifications. The first one applies distinction between violating and departing from formal legality. The second one recognizes that judges unconstitutionally appointed under an illiberal regime cannot be acknowledged as legitimate judges in the constitutional sense. Continue reading >>
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Merz im (europäischen) Trend?
Friedrich Merz‘ Vorschlag, straffällig gewordenen Personen mit doppelter Staatsangehörigkeit die deutsche Staatsangehörigkeit abzuerkennen, wurde schnell als verfassungswidrig kritisiert. Eine weit gefasste Regelung, nach der auch Mord, Vergewaltigung oder gar allgemein wiederholt begangene Straftaten zu einem Verlust der deutschen Staatsangehörigkeit führen, würde Deutschlands völkerrechtlichen Verpflichtungen verletzen. Mit einer enger gefassten Ausbürgerungsregel etwa für nur bestimmte staatsgefährdende Straftaten stünde Deutschland allerdings in Europa durchaus nicht alleine da. Continue reading >>
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Besser spät als nie
Wie weit reicht der von der Bundesregierung zu gewährende Auslandsschutz? Diese Frage beschäftigte vor kurzem die Berliner Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeit, nachdem sich ein über vier Monate in Venezuela inhaftierter deutscher Journalist durch das Auswärtige Amt vernachlässigt sah. Mit seinem letzte Woche veröffentlichten Beschluss hat das BVerfG klargestellt, dass mit Blick auf Art. 19 Abs. 4 GG wenigstens im Nachhinein keine allzu überhöhten Anforderungen an das verwaltungsprozessuale Feststellungsinteresse gestellt werden können. Das weite Ermessen, das der Bundesregierung bei der Gewährung von Auslandsschutz aber materiell-rechtlich zusteht, wird davon nicht berührt. Continue reading >>
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We Are Still Here
Eunice Paiva (1929-2018) was a prominent Brazilian lawyer and human rights defender. Married to Rubens Paiva, a congressman who disappeared during the Brazilian military dictatorship, Eunice transformed her grief into activism, denouncing the regime’s violence. The film Ainda Estou Aqui (I Am Still Here), based on the book of the same name written by her son, Marcelo Rubens Paiva, offers a unique opportunity to learn about her fight for the rule of law. Continue reading >>
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Constitutionally Capturing Pakistan’s Constitutional Courts
In 2024, Pakistan’s parliament passed a constitutional amendment carrying out the most significant restructuring of Pakistan’s superior judiciary in its recent history. This judicial overhaul needs to be analyzed as part of a process of regime realignment. By regime realignment, I mean a ruling authoritarian elite radically altering its supportive political structure and popular bases to expand and extend its hold on power. Based on news sources and conversations with senior lawyers and judges, I will show that this plan for judicial overhaul developed iteratively through a process of intra- and inter-institutional dialogue and conflict that took place during regime realignment. Continue reading >>
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10 February 2025
The Looming Enforcement Crisis in European Digital Policy
The EU's push for stronger digital laws to protect fundamental rights and democracy faces significant challenges due to fragmented enforcement and overlapping regulatory responsibilities. This fragmentation risks undermining the core principles of the EU legal order. A more coordinated, rule-of-law-centered enforcement framework is needed to address these tensions and ensure effective implementation of digital laws while safeguarding fundamental rights. Continue reading >>
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Karenztage – Falscher Sparversuch auf Kosten der Arbeitnehmer
Die Einführung von Karenztagen in der Lohnfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall wird als Gegenmaßnahme gegen „Krankfeiern“ vorgeschlagen, birgt jedoch erhebliche Risiken. Anstatt den Missbrauch zu verringern, gefährdet sie die soziale Sicherheit der ArbeitnehmerInnen und verkompliziert das bestehende System. Zudem wird die Verantwortung für Missbrauch unzureichend auf die Erkrankten abgewälzt. Historisch betrachtet stellt die Lohnfortzahlung im Krankheitsfall eine wichtige sozialpolitische Errungenschaft und Schutzmaßnahme dar. Letztlich würde die Einführung von Karenztagen nicht nur mehr Kosten verursachen, sondern auch bestehende Kontrollmechanismen schwächen. Continue reading >>Ukraine’s Constitutional Order in Wartime
Ukraine’s constitutional order is facing an unprecedented challenge due to Russia’s ongoing aggression. The war has forced the nation to navigate between maintaining democratic governance and ensuring national survival, all while operating under martial law. The looming expiration of presidential and parliamentary terms has sparked debates on legitimacy of the wartime governance. While wartime elections are neither feasible nor constitutionally required, legitimacy is upheld through constitutional provisions, political consensus, and international recognition. Continue reading >>
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09 February 2025
Trump und der neue Faschismus
Seit der Inauguration Trumps zum 47. US-Präsidenten zieht Elon Musk mit einem Gefolge aus Tech-Ingenieuren und Führungskräften seiner diversen Firmen durch die Bundesbehörden in Washington und verschafft sich Zugang zu Gebäuden, Daten und Computersystemen. In diesem Prozess positionieren sich Akteure der Big Tech Industrie als Profiteure und als Betreiber einer neuen, technologischen Regierungsinfrastruktur – eingeklinkt über die Zugänge zu Computer- und Bezahlsystemen, die Musk sich gerade verschafft. Diese Entwicklung stellt einen neuen Qualitätssprung im politischen Projekt Trumps dar. Sie ist am besten mit dem Wort Faschismus zu beschreiben. Continue reading >>07 February 2025
Legal “heartfelt thinking”
Courts in Ecuador and in many other jurisdictions across the Global South, and increasingly in the Global North, have addressed this recognition of rights to nature in a pluralistic manner. Yet, it is exactly that cacophony of voices and actors that challenges traditional legal thinking. This requires leaving the beaten track and experimenting with new (legal) processes and methods. They can open up a space for experiments that can stimulate legal thinking and contribute to the further development of rights of nature, as illustrated in the following artistic-legal minga in Quito, organized in the framework of the Amazon of Rights project. Continue reading >>
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Elon Musk, the Systemic Risk
Elon Musk seems to many in Europe to symbolize the dawn of a digital dystopia. I argue, however, that this view may be incorrect in several respects. With the Digital Services Act (DSA) and its new “systemic tools,” the EU has an opportunity to address the technological roots of Musk’s powerful position in the digital sphere. In this context, Musk (potentially) using his platform (or AI) to intentionally influence the access, distribution, and presentation of information is “merely” a manifestation of risks that are already inherent in the systemic position of certain digital services. Continue reading >>
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