25 May 2023
Media Pluralism in KRRiT-ical Condition
In April 2023, the Polish National Broadcasting Council, the so-called KRRiT, imposed a high fine on an indipendent media outlet. It was not the first fine of this kind to independent media organisations. The growing number of KRRiT decisions targeting independent media in Poland is the result of the political nature of the procedure for appointing members of the KRRiT and the broad, unclear legal basis for imposing fines. Since 2005, the decisive voice in the composition of the KRRiT was that of the ruling political majority. This blogpost analyzes and criticizes the vague legal framework for KRRiT and the institution's apparent political capture in recent years. Continue reading >>
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Showdown zur Asylpolitik in Brüssel
In Brüssel beginnt in Kürze der Endspurt für die EU-Asylrechtsreform. Heftige Kritik erfährt hierbei die deutsche Verhandlungsposition. Nun könnte man die rhetorische Eskalation als typisches Phänomen des Twitter-Zeitalters abtun und meine Einwände – „BVerfG sieht es anders“ – als professorale Besserwisserei. Doch es geht um mehr: Die politische Mitte darf nicht die Fähigkeit verlieren, in der Migrationspolitik widerstreitende Zielvorgaben auszugleichen. Die pragmatische Lösungssuche droht zwischen den binären Alternativen faktisch offener Grenzen und einer gewaltsamen Abschottungspolitik zerrieben zu werden. Continue reading >>24 May 2023
Wie man eine kriminelle Vereinigung macht
Mit den bundesweiten Hausdurchsuchungen gegen Mitglieder von „Letzte Generation“ erreicht der gesellschaftliche Konflikt um die Klima-Proteste nach der Verurteilung erster Aktivist*innen zu Freiheitsstrafen ohne Bewährung die nächste Eskalationsstufe. Nicht mehr nur die Einzelaktionen werden als strafbares Verhalten delegitimiert, sondern die Klima-Gerechtigkeitsbewegung im Ganzen, soweit sie sich in Zusammenschlüssen organisiert, die auf zivilen Ungehorsam als Protestform setzen. Das „Feindbild Klimaaktivismus“, es nimmt mehr und mehr Kontur an. Continue reading >>Marriage Equality at the Doors of the Indian Supreme Court
A five-judge bench of the Supreme Court of India recently heard over 20 petitions seeking marriage equality. The significance of a positive declaration cannot be overstated. It would make India only the second country in Asia to recognize LGBTQ+ marriages. As India becomes the world’s most populous country this year, a favorable decision would also mean that an estimated 17.7% of the world’s population would come under a marriage equality regime which is more than the cumulative population of the 34 countries that currently recognize such marriages (17% of the global population). Continue reading >>
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Greece’s Ambivalent Turn to Militant Democracy
On 2 May 2023, the Greek Court of Cassation (Areios Pagos) ruled on the certification of the candidate lists of the political parties that could lawfully participate in the Greek parliamentary elections of 21 May. It refused to certify the participation of the Hellenes National Party, the successor of the neo-Nazi Golden Dawn party. The refusal to certify the party breaks away from previous case law on political party certification and indicates a tentative, yet incomplete embrace of militant democracy by a jurisdiction that has traditionally been hostile towards its philosophy. Continue reading >>
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Disney v. DeSantis Creates Strange Bedfellows
On April 26, 2023, Disney escalated its public feud with Ron DeSantis, Florida’s current Governor and a 2024 presidential hopeful, by suing him in federal court. The complaint turns on a series of legislative actions DeSantis took in response to Disney's criticism of the so-called “Don’t Say Gay” bill he championed. The context in which the case has arisen allows the corporation to frame itself a brave defender of LGBTQAI+ rights. In reality though, Disney is no liberal darling and its constitutional complaint opens the door to buttress and expand a conservative reading of several constitutional provisions. Continue reading >>
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23 May 2023
Progressive Reform mit regressiven Untertönen
Die Passagen im Koalitionsvertrag der Ampel zum Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht ließen aufhorchen. Schickt sich die Ampel hier an, die unter Rot-Grün begonnene, aber dann doch nur halb durchgeführte Staatsangehörigkeitsreform zu vollenden? Nach Lektüre des kürzlich veröffentlichten Referentenentwurfs des Gesetzes zur Modernisierung des Staatsangehörigkeitsrechts lautet die Antwort: Vieles wird besser, manches wird schlechter, und von einem Staatsangehörigkeitsrecht, das den Realitäten der Postmigrantionsgesellschaft gerecht wird, kann immer noch keine Rede sein. Continue reading >>
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Florida and the New Assault on LGBT Rights
On May 17, Governor Ron DeSantis signed into law a raft of bills that will dramatically change the legal landscape for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people. While this marks the latest escalation of Florida's crusade against LGBT people, it is not an isolated case. As state legislative sessions across the United States draw to a close, the scope and severity of legislation regulating the lives of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people has been unprecedented. This post maps the scope and severity of the current anti-LGBT panic across the US, contextualizes its rise, and evaluates the potential for legal protection under the current state of the law. Continue reading >>
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Es steht ein Pferd auf dem Flur
Der Referentenentwurf zum Selbstbestimmungsgesetz ist da und befindet sich derzeit in der Verbände-Diskussion. Das Gesetz soll die personenstandsrechtliche Geschlechts- und Vornamensänderung erleichtern. Der Entwurf sieht auch Änderungen des Abstammungsrechts vor, die ausweislich der Gesetzesbegründung lediglich eine „Interimslösung“ sein sollen. Bei genauerer Betrachtung entpuppt sich die „Interimslösung“ jedoch als vorweggenommene Teilreform des Abstammungsrechts, mit der die Eltern-Kind-Zuordnung für queere Personen zukünftig nicht leichter, sondern schwerer, komplizierter und teurer werden würde. Es steht ein Pferd auf dem Flur – und es ist möglicherweise ein trojanisches. Continue reading >>A Flawed Vote, Not a Horse Race
The elections in Turkey/Türkiye showed the dilemma for the political opposition in competitive authoritarian regimes: They have to create momentum for change. They must believe it is possible to win elections. If they don't believe this, their voters won't. It is difficult to avoid this dilemma, but there is something journalists, experts and officials from other countries can do: Always stress the unfairness of the conditions in which the elections are being held. Do not get a carried away by the excitement of the race. Focus on the fact that the race is not being run on level ground. Continue reading >>A New European Enforcer?
As a key piece of the European Commission’s digital agenda, the Digital Services Act (DSA) is drawing a lot of attention from civil society, industry, and regulators. One particularly interesting development in that regard is the Commission’s current transformation from being the institution leading the DSA’s negotiations to the one enforcing it. This article explores the challenges faced by the Commission in this transformation. Continue reading >>
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19 May 2023
Including the Arms Sector in the EU Corporate Due Diligence Directive
The imminent passage of the EU Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive (CSDDD) into law could drastically change the regulatory makeup of the civilian firearms industry in Europe. As the EU Parliament, Commission and Council prepare to enter the so-called ‘trilogues’ to adopt a final text, an open question is whether they will include the arms industry within the scope of the Directive. If so, the resulting provisions could include corporate due diligence obligations for downstream elements of the value chain, thus reinforcing monitoring and accountability. This post highlights the accountability deficit in the current European firearms export regime and shows how the CSDDD could help redress this situation while preventing trafficking and diversion. Continue reading >>Medienfreiheit als europäische Tradition
Über den Entwurf des Europäischen Medienfreiheitsgesetzes (EMFA) und seine Auswirkungen auf die Unabhängigkeit der Nationalstaaten im Bereich der Medien wird derzeit lebhaft diskutiert. Ein Vorwurf war besonders häufig zu hören: Der Entwurf des EMFA sei der neuste Versuch Brüssels, die Souveränität östlicher Mitgliedstaaten mit Rechtsstaatlichkeit-Defizitzu unterminieren. Dieser Beitrag stellt sich diesem Vorwurf entgegen. Oft wird nämlich vergessen, dass die Regulierung europäischer Medien zwecks Sicherung des Medienpluralismus weder eine neue Forderung ist, noch historisch einen engen Bezug zu den östlichen Mitgliedstaaten aufweist. Im Gegenteil, das Streben nach einer Harmonisierung des Medienpluralismus und der Medienfreiheit ist ein seit Jahrzehnten immer wiederkehrendes Vorhaben in der EU. Die EMFA als ‚neuesten‘ Versuch Brüsseler Einflussnahme auf Osteuropa darzustellen ist daher schlicht ahistorisch. Continue reading >>
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18 May 2023
Föderale Entscheidungssperre für Landesstaatsrecht
Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat, wie wir erst jetzt wissen, am 25. Januar 2023 eine Grundsatzentscheidung zu den Verfassungs- und Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeitsräumen im deutschen Bundesstaat getroffen. An diesen Tag lehnte es einen Eilantrag ab, mit dem die vom Verfassungsgerichtshof Berlin verfügte vollständige Wiederholungswahl zum Berliner Abgeordnetenhaus ausgesetzt werden sollte. Die in ihrem Kern überzeugenden Gründe der Ablehnung wurden erst gestern bekanntgegeben, sie werden hier kurz erläutert, kommentiert und eingeordnet. Continue reading >>17 May 2023
Political Pluralism and the Camel’s Back
On 27 April, the High Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Christian Schmidt has unblocked the appointment of the government of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by overriding the veto of the largest Bosniak party, SDA. The party, currently in opposition, had blocked the appointment of the government. Schmidt's move could be a welcome breakthrough – the country has been ridden by abuses of ethnic vetoes ever since the Dayton Agreement. However, this specific imposition may have detrimental consequences for the future of political pluralism in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and any parties which want to outgrow the existing ethnic division. Continue reading >>Was lange währt, wird endlich gut?
Nach langem Ringen haben das Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend sowie das Bundesministerium der Justiz am 9. Mai 2023 ihren Referentenentwurf zum Selbstbestimmungsgesetz (SBBG) veröffentlicht. Die Bundesregierung hatte bereits im Koalitionsvertrag (S. 95) angekündigt, das veraltete Transsexuellengesetz (TSG) durch ein Selbstbestimmungsgesetz zu ersetzen. Die ersten Eckpunkte wurden am 20. Juni 2022 vorgestellt. Seitdem ist nun fast ein Jahr vergangen, in dem eine langwierige und teils schmerzhafte Debatte über das Reformvorhaben geführt wurde. Diese wirkt nun auch in dem vorgelegten Entwurf nach: Denn unter den Grundsound der Selbstbestimmung mischen sich einige Misstöne, in denen Paternalismus und diffuse Missbrauchsbefürchtungen widerhallen. Continue reading >>National Dialogues as Constitutional Moments
In April 2022, Egypt's President Al-Sisi announced a surprising call for a “political dialogue on national priorities during the current phase.” The announcement formed part of a broader package of reforms that the Egyptian government seemingly initiated, following years of sustained criticism over its human rights record. After a year-long wait, the National Dialogue launched on May 3, 2023. This post will explain why despite some promising features, it is unlikely to effectuate meaningful change, due to certain design flaws and the decision by its Board to preclude the possibility of constitutional change. Continue reading >>
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16 May 2023
Please Be Kind and Polite. Or Else…
Britain loves to project an image of polite calmness; of a stiff upper lip; of tea, crumpets, and lashings of ginger beer. The Paddington the Bear Twitter account epitomised this sentiment on the morning of the Coronation, reminding people to ‘be kind and polite today.’ Yet in England's green and pleasant land, as loyal British subjects scoffed their scones, quaffed their Pimm’s and raised a glass to their new Monarch, it was not soft-power but good ol’ fashioned state violence that ensured the historical Coronation went off without a hitch. Continue reading >>
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Lithium and Constitutional Change
On 20 April 2023, Chile’s President Gabriel Boric addressed the nation to announce the highly anticipated National Lithium Strategy. Boric announced the creation of a National Lithium Company (which must be enacted by Congress) and the establishment of public-private joint ventures, with a prominent role for the government. His speech began by referencing the nationalization of copper in the late 1960s and its completion in 1971 under President Salvador Allende. The new lithium strategy has to be understood as something more than merely an economic proposal. It is part of a larger and elusive effort to reconfigure the State. Continue reading >>
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Strawberry Fields Forever
Reading the brilliant blog post of my colleague Teresa Navarro, one may get the impression that the situation in Doñana is principally the epitome of an ongoing electoral process. However, the threats to the ecological integrity of that unique natural space emanate from the very origins that justified its protection. The current crisis is but the culmination of the constant and serious threats, caused by the proposed bill to legalize new irrigation and aggravated by incompetence and lack of responsibility of the state, regional and local authorities ignoring the requirements of EU law. Continue reading >>
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The Dilemma of Technocracy
A few months before general elections that might result in Slovakia joining Hungary's and Poland's illiberal takeover in Central Europe, its technocratic government is in crisis. This post shows how the weaknesses of Slovakia’s constitutional design have fueled the present malaise, and details the lessons we should draw from it for ordering the relationship between the head of state, parliament and the executive in other parliamentary systems with a directly elected president. Continue reading >>
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The National Case for Reforming the EU Treaties
Four arguments of either explicit or implicit importance in encouraging states to engage in Treaty reform in this ‘reform period’ are of decisive importance again now. Many of these arguments have already found their way into political discourse (for example into the cautious opening of the German government to Treaty reform) while others have not. The key to making the national case for Treaty reform may therefore lie in demonstrating to the Member States that these factors make opening-up the Treaties in their national interest. Continue reading >>
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15 May 2023
Europas Werk und Deutschlands Beitrag
Menschenrechte werden in stürmischen Zeiten erkämpft. Und bleiben umkämpft. Wir sind aktuell Zeug:innen davon, wie in der Flüchtlingspolitik – wieder einmal - menschenrechtlich erkämpfte Prinzipien in rasanter Geschwindigkeit offen infrage gestellt werden. Als SPD, Grüne und FDP 2021 ihren Koalitionsvertrag unterzeichneten, wollten sie das »Leid an den Außengrenzen« beenden. Nichts weniger als einen »Paradigmenwechsel« versprach die Ampel. Seit kurzer Zeit ist nun bekannt, dass die Bundesregierung von diesem Vorhaben entschieden abgerückt ist. In einem ersten Schritt hat sie eine äußerst restriktive Verhandlungsposition zur Reform des Gemeinsamen Europäischen Asylsystems (GEAS) eingenommen, die Anfang Juni im Rat der Europäischen Union debattiert wird. Continue reading >>13 May 2023
The Local Case Against Climate Deception
Over the last five years, cities, counties, and states across the country have sued fossil fuel companies alleging that the companies violated state law in marketing their products as safe. Collectively, these cases are known as climate liability cases or climate deception cases. On April 24, the U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear a petition on whether the climate liability cases should be heard in state or federal court. As a result, 11 cases will be remanded to state court to move towards motions to dismiss, discovery, and trial. The Supreme Court’s decision also helps plaintiffs in more than a dozen other cases argue that their cases against fossil fuel companies should be heard in state court, rather than federal court, and it may help spur more state court filings. This is a big win for the city, county, and state plaintiffs, after they engaged in a five-year fight to keep the cases in state court. Continue reading >>
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A Problem of Our Own Making
In 2023, Packers Sanitation paid a fine of $1.5 million for employing over 100 children in work environments involving dangerous machinery and chemicals across eight US states. A New York Times investigation also uncovered the prevalence of migrant children working in numerous industries across the US, including Ford, General Motors, J. Crew, Walmart, Ben and Jerry's, Whole Foods, and Target. Child labor has been identified in small and large companies nationwide, bringing the issue to national and international attention. Why has there been an increase in child labor across the US? In many ways, this is the wrong question. Child labor has been a persistent problem in the US for decades. Continue reading >>
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Nun sag’, wie hast du’s mit Kaiserreich und Kolonialismus?
Einmal mehr stehen die sogenannten Benin-Bronzen im Mittelpunkt kulturpolitischer Streitgespräche. Die Feuilletons der beiden größten deutschen Tageszeitungen schlugen unabhängig voneinander einen Bogen von Benin City nach Berlin, indem sie die Frage der Rückgabe der Benin-Bronzen mit den Forderungen nach Ausgleichsleistungen der vormals das Königreich Preußen regierenden Familie in Verbindung brachten. Diese Verknüpfung der beiden womöglich am kontroversesten diskutierten Restitutionsfälle der jüngeren deutschen Geschichte wirft eine handvoll Fragen auf. Continue reading >>
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Restitution, light?
Wieder einmal wird über die sogenannten Benin-Bronzen debattiert. Die problematische Herkunft der in einem kolonialen Raubzug erbeuteten Kunstartefakte und die Frage ihrer Restitution sorgten bereits in der Vergangenheit für Diskussionen. Als die Bundesregierung letztes Jahr schließlich die ersten Bronzen an den nigerianischen Staat übergab, schien die Auseinandersetzung beendet. Happy End für alle: Die Deutschen wagen einen Schritt Richtung kolonialer Wiedergutmachung und die Nigerianer erhalten wertvolles Kulturerbe zurück. Nun aber bekommt das Bild der Win-Win-Situation Risse. Continue reading >>12 May 2023
Can the Mexican Supreme Court Save Constitutional Democracy?
The last week of the legislative term in Mexico was just another showcase of the clear government's disdain for democratic institutions and the rule of law. At the end of April, MORENA, the party in government, used its legislative majorities to hastily pass a series of laws in violation of different procedural rules, including quorum rules. The episode described above isn’t uncommon in Mexico’s legislative politics. The quality of the political-constitutional discourse is in great need of improvement to prevent such episodes from happening. It seems that the Supreme Court is the only institution that could contribute (and has been trying to contribute) to repair it. However, in the current political environment, Supreme Court interventions in political processes are becoming increasingly dangerous to the extent that its survival is at stake. Continue reading >>
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Trading Rights for Responsibility
The newly published compromise text of the Asylum Procedures Regulation (APR) suggests to render border procedures mandatory in some cases, while also permitting first-entry states to derogate from them once their “adequate capacity” is reached. This adaptable approach to the use of border procedures seeks to resolve a long-standing disagreement between central EU countries and first-entry states. While the former consider the obligatory use of border procedures necessary to prevent onwards or ‘secondary’ movement of asylum-seekers, southern EU states argue that their mandatory use would place a further strain on their resources and overburden their capacities for processing asylum claims. This blogpost first explains the problems with border procedures, reviews their role in increasing responsibility of first-entry states, and explains why the new compromise Draft is unlikely to resolve the disagreement between first-entry states and other Members States. Continue reading >>
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11 May 2023
Versammlungskontrolle und Versammlungsfreiheit
Der 1. Mai bietet jedes Jahr die Möglichkeit, auf dynamische Versammlungsgeschehen ausgerichtete polizeiliche Einsatzkonzepte wie unter dem Brennglas zu analysieren. Dabei hat sich in den letzten Jahren die Polizeitaktik der „Demobegleitung“ als Teil des sog. Deeskalationsprinzips durchgesetzt. In der Praxis zeichnet sich dieses Konzept durch eine starke polizeiliche Präsenz und frühzeitiges Einschreiten aus. Entsprechende Einsatzkonzepte werden weithin akzeptiert und lediglich einzelne überschießende Maßnahmen kritisiert. Doch mit Blick auf die Wirkungen des Einsatzkonzepts, insbesondere auf die Wahrnehmung der Versammlungsfreiheit aus Art. 8 I GG, ist die Ausweitung jener Praxis hoch problematisch. Denn von der Versammlungsfreiheit bleibt wenig übrig, wenn faktisch die Polizei die Demonstration veranstaltet. Continue reading >>10 May 2023
Betrayal
Various EU bodies have started to appreciate the threat the anti-constitutional challenge poses to fundamental rights and the entire EU. The Fundamental Rights Agency (FRA), the body primarily tasked with watching over fundamental rights, chose a different path and committed to collaboration and to legitimizing an illiberal regime. As earlier contributors to FRA reports on Hungary, we felt the responsibility to call attention to this unfortunate development: The FRA recently committed to rely on reporting from two governmental-controlled institutions, the National University of Public Service and the Hungarian ombudsperson. Continue reading >>
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Effective Human Rights Due Diligence Ten Years After Rana Plaza?
Ten years after the deadly Rana Plaza disaster with 1135 dead and more than 2000 injured workers, a complaint has been made for the first time on the basis of the German Act on Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains (Lieferkettensorgfaltspflichtengesetz, LkSG) to the Federal Office for Economic Affairs and Export Control (Bundesamt für Wirtschaft und Ausfuhrkontrolle, BAFA). The complaint argues that IKEA and Amazon failed to exercise due diligence under the LkSG by refusing to sign the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh (Bangladesh Accord) and its successor, the International Accord for Health and Safety in the Textile and Garment Industry (International Accord). In this post, we explore the relationship between the Accord and human rights due diligence and argue that joining the Accord is essential for fulfilling the due diligence obligations under the LkSG. We argue that Amazon seems to have violated the LkSG prima facie while IKEA’s claim would have to be assessed in-depth by BAFA. Continue reading >>
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Taiwan’s Participatory Plans for Platform Governance
Platform regulation is not limited to Europe or the United States. Although much debate currently focuses on the latest news from Brussels, California, or Washington, other important regulatory ideas emerge elsewhere. One particularly consequential idea can be found in Taiwan. Simply put, Taiwan wants to, tacitly, democratize platform governance. Concretely, Taiwan wanted to establish a dedicated body that would potentially facilitate far-reaching civil society participation and enable ongoing citizen involvement in platform governance. This article explains what discourses about platform governance can learn from Taiwan and how vivid democratic discourse shapes platform governance beyond traditional regulatory models. Continue reading >>
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09 May 2023
50 Years of Kesavananda Bharti
India is celebrating the 50th anniversary of the landmark Kesavananda Bharti decision this year, which concretized the ‘basic structure doctrine’. Created by the judiciary in response to an overzealous executive branch, it stipulates that the legislature cannot damage or destroy the basic features of the Constitution that are fundamental to its identity. This blogpost explains the circumstances of the doctrine's inception, its substance and controversies as well as its continued importance for Indian democracy. Continue reading >>
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Of Red Fruits and Social Conflict
These days of electoral campaign in Spain, as usual, water is among the current issues. Recently, a controversial proposal by the conservative parties of the Andalusian Parliament aims to re-grant the status of agricultural land to certain land in the vicinity of the Doñana National Park (Huelva, Spain). Doñana suffers a long social conflict triggered by several decisions adopted to protect this singular place. As we will see, this is a clear example of the political use of the tension generated by environmental protection and socio-economic interests, especially in times of elections. Continue reading >>
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Chile or the Impossibility of a Constitution
The second act of Chile’s constituent process is ready to begin. Elections for the 50 members of the Constituent Council, in charge of drafting the text of a new constitution, took place this Sunday, May 7. The results, a clear victory for the far-right Republicanos, may come as a surprise to many. Is it? Continue reading >>
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08 May 2023
World War 2 Memories in Lithuania and Ukraine
On May 8, 2023, Lithuania and Ukraine, along with other European countries, meet the annual anniversaries of the end of World War 2 in Europe in 1945. Meanwhile, Russia holds a national holiday tomorrow on May 9 to commemorate the Soviet victory over Nazi Germany, which is the most important holiday in Russia and became a cult practice for uniting Russians after 2000. The anniversary finds Ukraine in the midst of fighting off present-day Russian aggression. Lithuania finds itself worrying about its defense, dealing with memory incidents and among the biggest supporters of Ukraine. Russia, however, finds itself more isolated than ever and scaling back the celebration: According to Moscow because of expected ‘drone strikes’, but more likely due to ‘fear of popular protests.’ This blog entry takes stock of legal measures by two nations to countervail Russia’s decades-long mnemo-political aggressiveness. Continue reading >>Accountability in Brazil
The end of Jair Bolsonaro’s presidency is far from marking a return to normality in Brazil. After the riots of 8 January, which aimed to create the conditions for a coup in Brazil, authorities and institutions had to deal with several turbulences and the issue of Bolsonaro's responsibilization has been a permanent concern. To evaluate the efficacy of these responses, it is important to discuss how these institutions have been dealing with Jair Bolsonaro’s legacy. Moreover, it is equally important to understand the challenges President Lula is facing, which are partly due to the difficulty to reach political compromises. The recent police raids that seized documents and devices in Bolsonaro’s house, and arrested some of his direct aids, adds complexity to the situation, as we will attempt to explain. Continue reading >>
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05 May 2023
The UK vs the ECtHR
In recent months, the UK government has tabled two Bills - the Bill of Rights Bill and the Illegal Migration Bill - before Parliament which would have the consequence - and almost certainly have the intention - of setting the UK on a collision course with the Council of Europe, and especially the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). This post details how these Bills serve to undermine the UK’s obligations under the ECHR and explains their significance within the larger debate surrounding the UK’s possible withdrawal from the Convention. It places this debate in the context of the rarely-convened Council of Europe summit of heads of state and government in Reykjavik in May 2023, whose ambitious agenda is to protect the ‘common heritage’ of respect for human rights, democracy and the rule of law in the face of Russia’s aggression in Ukraine and other existential threats. Continue reading >>
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04 May 2023
JA, sie ist rechtsextrem
Seit 2019 wurde die „Junge Alternative“ als Verdachtsfall geführt. Nun hat das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz (BfV) neben dem „Institut für Staatspolitik“ und dem Verein „Ein Prozent“ auch die Jugendorganisation der AfD als gesichert rechtsextremistisch eingestuft. Die Einstufung hat unmittelbare Konsequenzen für die „Junge Alternative“ und mittelbare Auswirkungen auf die AfD. Einen erheblichen Schaden wird die Partei aber nicht davontragen. Continue reading >>Die stille Transformation
Während sich die Republik über angebliche Heizungs- und Verbrenner-Verbote zerfleischt, fielen in Brüssel Entscheidungen: Am 25. April 2023 hat nach der finalen Abstimmung im Europäischen Parlament auch der Rat einer umfassenden Änderung der Emissionshandelsrichtlinie 2003/87/EG (EHRL) zugestimmt und Reichweite wie Ambitionsniveau des Emissionshandels noch einmal deutlich gestärkt. Die Erweiterungen des Instruments bei gleichzeitiger drastischer Verknappung der verfügbaren Emissionen werden sehr schnell tiefgreifende Verhaltensänderungen nicht nur von Unternehmen, sondern auch von Verbrauchern auslösen. Allein die jährlichen Verknappungen um mehr als 5% bei Gebäude und Verkehr führen sehr schnell zu einer Angebotsverknappung, die in drastisch steigende Preise münden muss. Continue reading >>03 May 2023
Mehrfach befristet, doppelt rechtswidrig
Die Ampelkoalition hat vereinbart, das Hochschulbefristungsrecht auf den Prüfstand zu stellen. Das Ziel: Planbarkeit und Verlässlichkeit wissenschaftlicher Karrierewege verbessern und frühzeitige Perspektiven für alternative Karrieren schaffen. Nachdem ein erster Vorschlag nach zahlreichen Protesten zurück genommen wurde, droht nun die Gefahr, dass das Reformvorhaben endgültig scheitert - und der Status quo erhalten bleibt. Das ist jedoch keine Option. Denn der status quo ist hinsichtlich der Befristung von PostDocs nicht nur europarechtswidrig, sondern wegen Verletzung der Arbeitsvertragsfreiheit auch verfassungswidrig. Continue reading >>Landesrecht bricht Bundesrecht
Der von der CDU/CSU-Fraktion im Deutschen Bundestag beantragte Cum-Ex-Untersuchungsausschuss soll das Handeln von Bundeskanzler Scholz als Erster Bürgermeister der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg bei der Anwendung von Bundesrecht prüfen. Das wirft zwei grundsätzliche Fragen auf: Ist eine Landesregierung für ihr Handeln bei der Anwendung von Bundesrecht dem Bundestag verantwortlich? Darf der Bundestag das Handeln einer Landesregierung kontrollieren? Beide Fragen sind im Bundesstaat des Grundgesetzes mit Nein zu beantworten. Continue reading >>On the Path of Destruction
Sudan has yet gain slipped into a civil war, costing hundreds of lives and forcing tens of thousands of people to flee the country. Fighting the war are two generals - Abdel Fattah Burhan of the Sudan's Armed Forces and Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo of the Rapid Support Forces. This piece explains the background of this extraordinarily complex conflict and discusses its potential implications for the region and beyond. Bringing both military leaders to a negotiating table must now be the highest priority. Continue reading >>
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02 May 2023
Warum Haftstrafen für „Klima-Kleber“ die falsche Antwort sind
Vergangene Woche hat das Amtsgericht Tiergarten die 24-jährige Aktivistin Maja zu einer viermonatigen Freiheitsstrafe verurteilt, ohne diese zur Bewährung auszusetzen. Der Aktivistin wurde vorgeworfen, sich im August 2022 an einem Gemälde festgeklebt zu haben. Bereits Anfang März 2023 wurden zwei Aktivisten vom Amtsgericht Heilbronn zu kurzen Freiheitsstrafen verurteilt. Mit der Verurteilung zu kurzen Freiheitsstrafen gehen die beiden Amtsgerichte nicht nur zum Äußersten, was das Strafrecht an Sanktionsform hergibt, um Aktivisten von der Straße zu holen. Die Tendenz härterer Sanktionierung klimaaktivistischer Straftaten durch Verhängung kurzer Freiheitsstrafen ohne Bewährung verkennt auch die die Konfliktstruktur der Klima-Proteste. Continue reading >>01 May 2023
Gewaltenteilung vor Klimaschutz
Nach ihrem Pyrrhussieg in Sachen Rentenreform wurde der französischen Regierung Ende letzter Woche vom Verfassungsrat erneut der Rücken gestärkt. Anlass war ein Gesetzesentwurf zur Aufstockung des Militärbudgets als französische Reaktion auf den russischen Angriffskrieg. Verfassungsrechtlich ging es dabei um die Frage, wie intensiv Gesetzesfolgenabschätzungen gerichtlich zu kontrollieren sind. Ein Blick nach Paris lohnt sich auch vor dem Hintergrund des deutschen Bestrebens, einen „Klimacheck“ für Gesetze einzuführen, welcher vor ähnlichen verfassungsrechtlichen Schwierigkeiten stehen dürfte. Continue reading >>27 April 2023
Judicial Backlash Against the Rights of Nature in Ecuador
In 2008, Ecuador surprised the world by recognizing nature’s own rights in its constitution. The surprise was even bigger when Ecuador unlike other countries began to actually apply and enforce the Rights of Nature, particularly through constitutional jurisprudence since 2019. We show that the strong constitutional precedents, while casting much appreciated light on some legal uncertainties about the novel set of rights, are also met with defiance. Backlashing tendencies are not restricted to the private sector and the government, but are articulated within the judiciary itself Continue reading >>
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The Ukrainian Grain Imports Saga
Poland and Hungary, later joined by Bulgaria, Slovakia and Romania, decided to unilaterally halt the imports of grain and other food products from Ukraine to protect their domestic farmers. The European Commission quickly announced that “trade policy is of EU exclusive competence and, therefore, unilateral actions are not acceptable”. At the same, however, the Commission’s spokesperson also considered that it was “too early” to comment on the legal implications of the Member States’ actions. Instead, the Commission adopted a pragmatic approach. It quickly announced a new support package for EU farmers affected by the increased supply of Ukrainian agricultural products and proposed additional measures to ensure the transit of Ukrainian grain exports to destinations outside of the Union. Significantly, it also added that this package “is subject to Member States lifting their unilateral measures”. This creates a very cynical situation, in the sense that an infringement of EU law may be instrumental to reach a better deal. Continue reading >>
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26 April 2023
A Conservative Constitutional Council Watching over a Conservative Constitution
On 14 April 2023, the French Constitutional Council handed down its decisions on the constitutionality of the controversial pension reform and on the referendum that was supposed to stop it. In substance, the decisions were met with little surprise. What is noteworthy about them, however, is something else: Both decisions are excellent indicators of the profoundly conservative nature of the French Constitution and of the judges watching over its observance. Continue reading >>
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Environmental Intelligence and the Need to Collect it
Current studies by biologists attest that Earth’s overall biodiversity is “crashing”. The most recent IPCC findings are no less dire. Multilateral deals aimed at preserving the environment are coming and going without having anything close to adequate results on the ground. States worldwide are currently missing not just a quickly receding opportunity to change things for the better, but also the rapidly growing and truly unprecedented threat which broad-scale anthropogenic ecological decline represents. But we are pragmatically and ethically obliged not to give up on the prospect of renovating and revitalizing the state so that it might become, over time, a more beneficial and truly survival-interested form of itself. One part of the inner power structure of almost all countries globally which recommends itself for a new role in this context is the national intelligence agency. Continue reading >>
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