13 February 2023
The Patriots’ Repossession
If we are to rebuild and strengthen Brazilian democracy, the ‘de-Bolsonarization’ of Brasília’s bureaucratic establishment and of security forces throughout the country is an essential step. This might seem like a distant utopia, yet it remains very much needed. After all, dismantling the ‘patriotic’ camps does not mean dismantling their coordination, their shared beliefs and values – a worldview in which they are not only good citizens doing good deeds, but owners with the right to recoup their rightfully owned property through force, omnipotents in their destruction. Continue reading >>
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A New Battlefront for Scottish Nationalists in the United Kingdom
By blocking the Gender Recognition Reform (Scotland) Bill, the UK Government is showing that it is now ready to police the boundaries of devolved competence more robustly, especially when it believes legislation is being used deliberately to veer into reserved matters. It is perhaps also now asserting a more homogeneous approach to fundamental human rights values, an assertion which is the hallmark of other federal systems. The current debate also exposes that the radical devolution of so many powers to sub-state institutions over the past two decades without serious thought being given for the potential impact of this process upon the maintenance of coherent state policy was perhaps ill-advised and requires correction. Continue reading >>Schon wieder ein Beschleunigungsgesetz
Schon lange waren sich die Sachverständigen in einer Anhörung des Rechtsausschusses nicht mehr so einig: Der von der Bundesregierung vorgelegte Entwurf für ein „Gesetz zur Beschleunigung von verwaltungsgerichtlichen Verfahren im Infrastrukturbereich“ gehe an der Sache vorbei, greife in bedenklicher Weise in Rechtsschutzgarantien ein und habe im Übrigen kaum Beschleunigungspotenzial. Dennoch hat der Bundestag am vergangenen Freitag den Gesetzentwurf in kaum veränderter Fassung beschlossen. Continue reading >>The Economic Fallout from Curtailing Judicial Independence
The attempt to emasculate Israel's Supreme Court has drawn widespread criticism and protest, both at home and abroad. An intriguing aspect of the situation has been the opposition expressed by business interests and economic experts, who are often and perhaps wrongly believed to attach an overwhelmingly high value to efficiency, commonly achieved in an institutional environment characterized by the absence of competing centers of political power. Perhaps the most visible manifestation of the concerns and fears emanating from this source has been the open letter to Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu signed by fifty-six prominent international economists, including eleven Nobel laureates, stating that judicial reform along the lines contemplated would set Israel on a course akin to that of Hungary and Poland. Continue reading >>
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The platform-media relationship in the European Media Freedom Act
The European Media Freedom Act proposal takes aim at very large online platforms’ gatekeeping power over access to media content and aims to reshape the relationship between media and platforms. By providing media organisations a special position on platforms, however, the EMFA risks changing the media’s role and relationships with other actors in ways that run counter to its overall objective to secure media freedom. Continue reading >>
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11 February 2023
Einmal amtlich, immer amtlich?
Im Verfassungsblog erschien kürzlich ein Beitrag zur „Umnutzung“ des Twitter-Accounts durch die Bundesinnenministerin. Das Urteil: Verfassungswidrig, sogar ein Widerspruch zu demokratischen und rechtsstaatlichen Standards wurde attestiert, wobei nicht erläutert wird, worin etwa Letztere liegen sollen. Die Kritik ist aber jedenfalls in der bisher geäußerten Pauschalität selbst bei Zugrundelegung der strengen und unflexiblen Linie des BVerfG nicht haltbar. Im Ergebnis dürfte die Sache wesentlich komplizierter sein. Continue reading >>10 February 2023
Was nutzen Panzer ohne Ziele?
Die Bundesrepublik wird Leopard-2-Kampfpanzer an Kiew liefern, ukrainische Soldaten in Deutschland trainieren sowie Exportgenehmigungen an Partnerländer ausstellen. Während die russische Führung über die angeblich erneute Bedrohung durch deutsche Panzer fabuliert, sind deutsche Entscheidungsträger*innen in erster Linie mit sich selbst zufrieden. In Deutschland nicht diskutiert, jedoch zentral für alle politischen Entscheidungen in diesem Konflikt ist die Frage: Unterstützung wofür? Continue reading >>Statement by Canadian Law Professors and Jurists on the Proposed Legal Reforms in Israel
The undersigned are Canadian law professors and jurists. We write [...] Continue reading >>
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Kompetenzausschuss statt Kompetenzgericht
Der Konflikt um die Kompetenzverteilung zwischen der Europäischen Union und ihren Mitgliedstaaten sowie der Entscheidungsmacht darüber hat bereits diverse Reformvorschläge hervorgebracht. Diese reichen von einem separaten Europäischen Kompetenzgericht über eine gemischte Kammer am EuGH mit Beteiligung nationaler Richterinnen und Richtern hin zu einem umgekehrten Vorlageverfahren. Während bislang vor allem gerichtliche Lösungen diskutiert wurden, eruiert dieser Beitrag das Potenzial einer Lösung im politischen Prozess durch einen neu zu schaffenden, parlamentarisch besetzten Kompetenzvermittlungsausschuss. Continue reading >>08 February 2023
Aus Staat mach Privat
Nachdem die Gerüchteküche bereits längere Zeit gebrodelt hatte, teilte Nancy Faeser letzte Woche mit, als Spitzenkandidatin der SPD im hessischen Landtagswahlkampf kandidieren zu wollen. Im Zuge dessen änderte sich auch die Beschreibung ihres Twitter-Accounts. Seit der Umstellung ist in den dort geteilten Beiträgen ein wilder Mix aus ministeriellen wie parteipolitischen Beiträgen wiederzufinden. Sollte es sich bei dem Account trotz der angekündigten „Umwidmung“ weiter um ein Sprachrohr ministerieller Öffentlichkeitsarbeit handeln, wäre das rechtswidrig. Continue reading >>Für eine Zeitenwende im Abtreibungsrecht
Am Ende des Symposiums wird sichtbar: Abtreibungen zu kriminalisieren bildet im Vergleich zu den ausgewählten Ländern nicht die Regel (I.). Das bedeutet allerdings nicht, dass eine Entkriminalisierung jegliche faktischen Zugangshürden aus dem Weg räumt. Der Blick ins Ausland lohnt sich deshalb auch unabhängig von der Frage der Entkriminalisierung, um potentielle Fallstricke für die Versorgungslage zu analysieren (II.). Die Entkriminalisierung des Schwangerschaftsabbruchs bereitet jedoch, so legt der Rechtsvergleich nahe, den Weg, um strukturelle Hindernisse abbauen zu können. Eine bedeutende Rolle können dabei aktivistische Bewegungen spielen (III.). Continue reading >>
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A Turning Point in Abortion Law
This blog post concludes the symposium “Comparative Legal Perspectives on Abortion”. The symposium traced the regulation of abortion and accompanying activist movements in Argentina, Uruguay, Canada, Iceland, Northern Macedonia, Tunisia, South Africa, India, and South Korea. Now we want to turn our gaze from the outside back to the inside: What is to be gained for the German debate on abortion law? Continue reading >>
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Solidarity on Solidarity Levies and a Choice of Energy Mix
The Council of the European Union has adopted a series of increasingly controversial measures to deal with the energy crisis. These measures - based on the little used Art 122(1) TFEU- are in part linked to the Commission’s REPower EU plan, which aims to end Europe’s reliance on energy imports from Russia and accelerate Europe’s clean energy transition away from fossil fuels towards renewable energy. With each successive measure the powers of the Commission have expanded to intervene on the supply as well as the demand side of Europe’s electricity and gas markets. Continue reading >>
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07 February 2023
From Population Control to Reproductive Justice
On 11 April 2019, South Korea’s Constitutional Court ruled that the ban on abortion was unconstitutional. As a result, South Korea’s legislature had to revise its 66-year-old anti-abortion law by 31 December 2020. This historic decision was made possible in response to the advocacy of a number of feminist groups, doctors’ organizations, disability rights groups, youth activists, and religious groups in South Korea. Although the overall goal of reproductive justice movements was to change the law that threatened women’s health and lives through the criminalization of abortion, one of the main steps of the movements toward that goal was to challenge the previous framework of pro-choice versus pro-life. Continue reading >>
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Rechts nur noch die Wand?
Rechtsaußenparteien haben in den letzten Jahrzehnten flächendeckend in den Parteiensystemen Europas fußgefasst. Zehn Jahre nach ihrer Gründung hat sich mit der Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) auch in der Bundesrepublik eine Partei am rechten Rand des Parteienspektrums etabliert. Die etablierten Parteien in Deutschland suchen seit der Gründung der AfD nach wirksamen Strategien, um den Erfolg der Partei einzudämmen. Noch im November 2021 proklamierte Friedrich Merz mit seiner Kandidatur zum CDU-Parteivorsitz eine Brandmauer zur AfD. Von dieser Brandmauer scheint zu Beginn dieses Jahres nicht mehr viel übrig. Continue reading >>Die Störerhaftung ist tot, lang lebe die Störerhaftung
In der rechtswissenschaftlichen Debatte melden sich erste Stimmen, die den Urteilen in den Verfahren YouTube II und Uploaded III entnehmen, dass der BGH die Störerhaftung für sämtliche Vermittlungsdienste abgeschafft habe. Mit anderen Worten könnten nun etwa auch Access Provider, Domain Registrare oder DNS-Dienste als Täter von Urheberrechtsverletzungen ihrer Nutzer haften. Diese Lesart der beiden Urteile zur Haftung von Sharing-Plattformen ist nicht nur rechtlich fernliegend, die Ausweitung der Haftung neutraler Diensteanbieter droht die Grundrechtseinschränkungen, die bereits an der Störerhaftung kritisiert wurden, zu potenzieren. Continue reading >>
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06 February 2023
Still a right?
Although abortion in Tunisia has been legal for 50 years and offered for free in government facilities, the revolution of 2011 and the following democratization process have paradoxically put into question the access to this service. The Islamists’ victory and the conservative turn of local society in the 2000s have led to a step backwards in the domain of women’s rights including sexual and reproductive rights. Together with Turkey, Tunisia is the only Islamic-majority country that authorizes abortion for social reasons. Continue reading >>
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Zum Mythos des Direktmandates aus Sicht der Wählerinnen und Wähler
Am Montag, den 6. Februar befasst sich der Ausschuss für Inneres und Heimat in einer öffentlichen Anhörung mit dem Gesetzesentwurf der Ampelkoalition zur Reform des Bundestagswahlrecht. Der neue Entwurf hat einige Diskussionen hinsichtlich direkt gewählter Abgeordneter ausgelöst, denn er bricht mit der Tradition, dass Kandidierende, die eine relative Mehrheit im Wahlkreis gewinnen, automatisch ins Parlament einziehen, selbst wenn sie nur 20% der Erstimmen oder sogar weniger erhalten. Warum sollte die Vertretung eines Wahlkreises aber exklusiv beim Direktmandat liegen? Continue reading >>04 February 2023
Es war einmal in Straßburg
Ein Märchenbuch für Kinder, in dem gleichgeschlechtliche Beziehungen dargestellt werden, (vorübergehend) aus dem Verkehr zu ziehen und es anschließend als „schädlich für Kinder unter 14 Jahre“ zu kennzeichnen, verstößt gegen das in Art. 10 EMRK gewährleistete Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung. Dies hat die Große Kammer des Europäischen Gerichtshofs für Menschenrechte (EGMR) in ihrer richtungsweisenden Entscheidung Macatė v. Lithuania festgestellt. Der Gerichtshof betonte außerdem, dass die gleiche und gegenseitige Anerkennung von Personen unterschiedlicher sexueller Orientierungen der gesamten Konvention inhärent ist. Continue reading >>
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“Marg bar Khamenei”
The Oversight Board has evaluated the use of a protest slogan used by Iranian dissidents, calling for "marg bar Khamenei", which literally translates as "death to Khamenei", yet is often used to mean "down with Khamenei". Meta removed it for violating its community standards against violence and incitement. At EU level, Art. 14(4) DSA provides for an unprecedented obligation, which requires social media platforms to act in a proportionate manner in applying and enforcing their terms and conditions, with due regard to the rights and legitimate interests of all parties involved. Examining the Oversight Board's reasoning, we explore how Art. 14(4) DSA would be operationalized in this case. Continue reading >>
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03 February 2023
Separatisten vor dem EuGH
Mit dem Urteil vom 31.01.2023 hat der EuGH der bisherigen Geschichte zur Auslieferung der führenden Politiker:innen der katalanischen Autonomiebewegung nach Spanien ein weiteres Kapitel hinzugefügt. Gleichzeitig entwickelt der Gerichtshof seine Rechtsprechung zu den Ausnahmen des gegenseitigen Vertrauens bei Gefahren für ein faires Verfahren fort, die dem Betroffenen nach der Vollstreckung eines Europäischen Haftbefehls im Ausstellungsstaat drohen – mit noch offenen Folgen für den Auslieferung der katalanischen Politiker:innen. Continue reading >>Frei für wen?
Nach „68 Auto-Tagen“ ist die Friedrichstraße in Berlin nun wieder autofrei. Während man sich auf Twitter noch darüber streitet, ob das nun eine Sperrung (für die Autos) oder eine Öffnung (für den Rest) darstellt, hat das Bündnis „Rettet die Friedrichstraße“ bereits angekündigt, gegen die Fußgängerzone rechtlich vorzugehen. Dass die Initiative damit Erfolg haben wird, ist jedoch unwahrscheinlich, wie ein Blick auf die rechtlichen Hintergründe der „Flaniermeile Friedrichstraße“ zeigt. Continue reading >>Abortion in Canada: Always Legal, Not Always Accessible
In Canada, abortion is not a criminal offence. There are no legal restrictions on abortion, including no restrictions with respect to gestational age or on the reasons for which a pregnant person may choose to have an abortion. As lawful medical procedures, abortions fall under provincial jurisdiction over health and there is some regulatory variability between provinces. Information about abortion access is similarly affected by provincial jurisdiction over education. Prior to decriminalization, advocacy on abortion access was national in scope, but since 1988, most activism has been focused on access and funding and has been provincial or even local. Continue reading >>
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Pressure to Party?
Much has changed – and been written – since the ‘Alternative für Deutschland’ (AfD) was founded ten years ago by some rather neoliberal economists and former conservative party members. Today, hardly anyone talks about its early Eurosceptic profile, as it was soon replaced by nativist, authoritarian positions, making the party a typical member of the (populist) radical right party family. This shift to the far right was accompanied by a massive change in the party’s executive committee and membership base in 2015. Today, none of the first party spokespersons is a member of the party anymore. Continue reading >>Enteignen für den Wiederaufbau?
Jeden Tag bringt der Krieg in der Ukraine unerträgliches und unvorstellbares menschliches Leid mit sich. Vor diesem Hintergrund fällt es schwer, schon heute einen nüchternen Blick auf die Zeit nach Beendigung der Kampfhandlungen in der Ukraine und einer Zurückdrängung des russischen Aggressors zu werfen. Das allerdings scheint notwendig, um moralisierender Politik notwendige rechtsstaatliche Rationalität entgegenzusetzen. Konkret geht es dabei um die Frage, ob es möglich ist, staatliches und/oder privates russisches Vermögen entschädigungslos zu enteignen, um so den Wiederaufbau der Ukraine zu finanzieren. Diese Überlegung liegt insbesondere der Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die durch die russische Aggression verursachten Schäden in der Ukraine schon jetzt auf über eine Billion US-Dollar geschätzt werden. Continue reading >>The Chilean Constituent Process: Take 2
After months of difficult negotiations, political parties in Chile agreed on the conditions for a new constituent process. This second attempt at drafting a new constitution for Chile looks radically different than the first process. While in the first process an elected Convention had the task to draft the new constitutional text, the draft that results from this second process will be produced by the interaction of three different organs: Council, Commission and Committee. Members of two of them, Commission and Committee, are not elected and have a rather “technical” character. Has legal expertise thus replaced political will in the second process? Continue reading >>
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02 February 2023
A Global Milestone
In 2019, Iceland passed a new law on the termination of pregnancy. Passed with a solid majority and the support of a cross-political coalition, the new law provides pregnant people with the right to decide on a termination, without having to get prior permission from medical personnel, as had previously been the case. The law was a huge step forward to ensure the protection of sexual and reproductive rights in Iceland, but there still remains room for improvement, for example with regard to the rights of trans people and the access of uninsured people to the service. The success of the legislation was also remarkable for the cross-political support it enjoyed, largely based on women’s solidarity as 18 of 22 women in parliament, from nearly all parties, supported the law. Continue reading >>
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Why Declaring the Iranian Revolutionary Guards a Terrorist Group is a Trickier Business Than One May Think
The EU did not follow the European Parliament’s call to designate Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) as a terrorist group on the EU’s recent sanctions list. The High Representative of the Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, Josep Borrell, justified this decision with the lack of a court decision finding that the IRGC is indeed a terrorist group. Is an EU court decision a pre-condition for sanctioning terrorist groups? Not necessarily. Nevertheless, Borrell does have a point. Continue reading >>
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Qatargate: A Missed Opportunity to Reform the Union
When the news broke about the arrest of EU Parliament’s Vice-President Eva Kaili in flagrant offence for corruption and money laundering, many observers instantly qualified Qatargate as the largest and the most damaging scandal affecting the European integration process since its inception. Since then, this prediction proves truer day by day, revelation after revelation. Yet, despite unprecedented media coverage and a shocked public, this scandal has not yet generated within the EU and national political class a good enough response to mitigate its damaging effects. EU leaders can hardly afford to miss this unique opportunity to prepare a convincing answer to the question many citizens will soon be asking: Why vote in the next EU Parliament’s election in 2024? Continue reading >>
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01 February 2023
Anti-Terror Legislation and Property Rights in Egypt
In January 2023, the Egyptian cabinet introduced a new bill for parliamentary discussion proposing the establishment of a new body to manage seized funds and assets confiscated by the state, including the seized assets of individuals and organizations legally designated as terrorists. In the midst of a severe economic crisis, the bill allows the transfer of confiscated funds and assets from the public treasury to a new entity that would have the mandate to take any form of disposition regarding these assets. The Egyptian sheds the light on the problematic “preventive” nature of counter-terrorism regulations, which vanishes criminal law safeguards and rule of law standards. Continue reading >>
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A Decade of Implementation
Uruguay gained international praise in 2012 when it passed one of the most liberal abortion laws on the continent. While the law undoubtedly represents a step in the right direction, ten years have passed, and the law and its implementation could not live up to the expectations. The Uruguayan abortion law over-medicalizes, paternalizes, and imposes a series of very burdensome requirements on people wishing to access abortion services, in violation of human rights law. Continue reading >>
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The rise of Article 122 TFEU
The last decade, and especially the past year, saw a marked increase in the EU’s reliance on Article 122 TFEU. This legal basis was used to adopt a series of measures aimed to address the health and energy crises following the COVID pandemic and Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. At least two of those measures are now subject to direct challenges before the General Court and the Court of Justice. From a constitutional perspective, however, it is unfortunate that these two cases will probably not invite the Courts to address the more fundamental constitutional questions raised by the Council’s recent recourse to Article 122 TFEU. Continue reading >>Israel: Cry, the Beloved Country
Israel, like many other democracies today, is a deeply polarized society. The operating principle of public discourse is typically: “Art thou for us or for our adversaries” (Joshua 5:13). It is thus telling that, in the recent eruption in response to Netanyahu’s new government plan to reform the judicial system, one sees groups whom one would have never expected on the anti-government side of the current protests. Continue reading >>31 January 2023
The Long Road to Reproductive Justice
In North Macedonia, abortion law changes when the government does. The practices of the past years vividly demonstrate that abortion is not only a private matter but also a political issue. Depending on whether right or left-wing parties are in power, the law on abortion fluctuates between difficult-to-access and more liberal procedures. Continue reading >>
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Adapt or Die?
The year 2022 will be remembered as one of ‘terrible violence and seismic change in Europe’, in the words of the High Level Reflection Group established by the Council of Europe to consider the organisation’s future. The Council of Europe has issued a public call for ideas, inviting input from international organisations, national human rights institutions, civil society organisations, academics, human rights defenders and others. The deadline for submissions is imminent – 20 February – and the need for radical thinking has never been greater. Continue reading >>
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Battling the hydra in EU anti-discrimination law
Can a company refuse to conclude or renew a contract with a self-employed person because he is gay? And may contractual freedom prevail over the prohibition of discrimination in such a situation? A short answer stemming from the recent ECJ judgment in J.K. v. TP would be a resounding no. Yet, a further analysis is in order because the judgment also brings a significant shift in the ECJ’s anti-discrimination case law. Continue reading >>
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30 January 2023
Daumenschrauben für den Gesetzgeber
Was haben Annalena Baerbock, Marco Buschmann und Gregor Gysi gemeinsam? Sie und 213 andere Bundestagsabgeordnete von Grünen, FDP und Linken waren Antragsteller einer abstrakten Normenkontrolle, welche sich gegen die Erhöhung der staatlichen Parteienfinanzierung richtete, die die damalige Große Koalition 2018 beschloss. Das Bundesverfassungsgericht hat diese Erhöhung nun für verfassungswidrig erklärt. Das Urteil vom 24.01.23 ist kein „drittes Parteienfinanzierungsurteil“, dafür mangelt es der Entscheidung an einem wirklichen inhaltlichen Umbruch. Neuland betritt das Gericht dann aber in der Folge durch die Herausarbeitung von prozeduralen und inhaltlichen Anforderungen an eine Erhöhung der absoluten Obergrenze. Continue reading >>
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27 January 2023
The Indian Supreme Court Collegium Picking its Battle
In an unprecedented move, the collegium of the Supreme Court of India on the 17th and 18th of January, 2023, passed resolutions calling out the executive’s delay in the judicial appointments of five advocates by publicly countering the government’s objections against their appointment. In this piece, I discuss how the Supreme Court collegium has confronted the discriminatory treatment of persons who openly identify as a part of the LGBTQIA+ community in the process of judicial appointments by standing up to the executive’s bullying. The piece also looks into how the collegium has confronted the union government’s attempt to suppress dissent among advocates and why these resolutions are highly consequential. Continue reading >>Ein bisschen kleinlich
Nachdem es um die Parteienfinanzierung bald dreißig Jahre schon fast verdächtig still geworden war, hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht mit seinem Urteil vom Dienstag dieser Woche erneut ein Ausrufezeichen gesetzt. Das Gericht kippte den Aufschlag, den der Gesetzgeber den Parteien mit dem Gesetz zur Änderung des Parteiengesetzes und anderer Gesetze vom 10. Juli 2018 genehmigt hatte; dadurch war das Gesamtvolumen der staatlichen Zuwendungen nach § 18 II PartG von 165 auf 190 Millionen Euro erhöht worden. Das Ergebnis war von meisten Beobachtern und auch von den Parteien selbst so vorhergesehen worden, aber die Begründung fiel am Ende doch anders aus als noch vor der mündlichen Verhandlung erwartet. Continue reading >>
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No New Rights in Fedotova
In Fedotova and others v Russia issued on 17 January 2023, the ECtHR held that Russia had breached its positive obligation to secure the applicants’ right to respect for their private and family life under Article 8 of the Convention by failing to provide any form of legal recognition and protection for same sex couples. The ground-breaking aspect of the judgment is the clear rejection by the Court of the justifications advanced by the Contracting State. Continue reading >>
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A Promising Future?
The Choice on Termination of Pregnancy Act 92 of 1996 (Choice Act) provides the legislative framework that regulates access to abortion in South Africa. It is noted for its liberal stance on abortion and for this reason South Africa ‘serves as a global role model of reform in the area of abortion laws’. Despite its celebrated reproductive rights affirming approach, there are several on-ground issues that undermine the aims of the Act and the reproductive rights and health of those seeking abortion care. In this blog, I position the Choice Act within its historical and contemporary context which provides the necessary backdrop to demonstrate why the Act offers a ground-breaking approach to legislative regulation of abortion care. Thereafter, I explore some of the barriers to access and consider some key state efforts to overcome these issues, thus demonstrating a commitment to ensuring access to abortion care as part of the continuum of sexual and reproductive health care. Continue reading >>
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26 January 2023
Niemand steht über dem (Klimaschutz-)Gesetz
Weil die Regierung trotz Zielverfehlung noch immer kein Klimaschutz-Sofortprogramm verabschiedet hat, klagt der Umweltverband Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland e.V. (BUND) nun vor dem OVG Berlin-Brandenburg auf Beschluss eines solchen. Die Klage gibt Anlass für eine nähere Betrachtung der rechtlichen Pflichten, die das Klimaschutzgesetz (KSG) für den Fall einer Zielverfehlung auferlegt. Continue reading >>Eigentumsverhältnisse sind antastbar
Die aktuellen Debatten um Kohleausstieg und Energiewende zeigen, dass Entscheidungen auf dem Gebiet der Energiewirtschaft hochpolitisch sind und nicht ohne Blick auf das Wohlergehen dieser sowie folgender Generationen gefällt werden können. Insbesondere die anhaltenden Proteste gegen den Braunkohleabbau unter Lützerath belegen, dass die privatwirtschaftliche Nutzung und Verwertung fossiler Energien zugunsten privater (Rekord-)Gewinne in Zeiten der Klima- und Energiekrise zunehmend auf Ablehnung stößt. Vermehrt werden daher auch Forderungen laut, private Profitinteressen aus den Entscheidungsprozessen auszuschließen und den gewonnenen Entscheidungsraum mit demokratisch legitimierter und gemeinwohlorientierter Unternehmenspolitik zu füllen. Continue reading >>Constitutional but Criminal
In the last two years, India has witnessed significant changes in the legal regulation of abortion. In 2021, Parliament comprehensively amended the Medical Termination of Pregnancy Act, 1971 (“MTP” Act) to ensure “access of women to safe and legal abortion without compromising on the safety and quality of care,” along with securing “dignity, autonomy, confidentiality and justice for women who need to terminate pregnancy.” Additionally, in September 2022, the Supreme Court of India delivered a path-breaking judgment on abortion, locating access to safe abortion within the fundamental rights to dignity, autonomy, privacy, and health. Despite these changes, the law and practice of abortion continue to deny pregnant persons access to safe and comprehensive abortion care. Continue reading >>
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25 January 2023
Searching for a Government
On 21 January 2023, Slovak voters had the opportunity to use their constitutional right to vote in a referendum on a constitutional amendment on early elections. The referendum was, however, invalid, because a valid referendum in Slovakia requires a turnout of at least half of all eligible voters. The referendum took place less than six weeks after the no-confidence vote to the Slovak executive by the Slovak parliament. This development prompted steps towards amending the Constitution so that early elections become constitutionally permissible. Continue reading >>War over Israel’s Judicial Independence
The new Israeli government wasted no time in initiating an all-out attack on the independence of the judiciary. It is promoting in full speed two parallel proposals to reform the judiciary in the hope that at least one of them, or a hybrid of both will be codified. The government claims that its proposed judicial reform will promote a more democratic and representative judiciary. Yet, a careful analysis of its proposed reform suggests that the government intends to fully politicize the judiciary. It will change the process of appointment to the Judicial Selection Committee, placing control in the hands of the government. Simultaneously, it will neutralize the ability of the opposition in the Knesset and the professional elites (the Justices and the Bar Association) to protect judicial independence from governmental takeover. Continue reading >>
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Is Criminality a Russian Virtue Worth Cultivating?
On 13 December 2022, the Russian State Duma unanimously approved, in the first reading, the bill on the imposition of Russian criminal law and criminal procedure upon the Donetsk, Kherson, Luhansk and Zaporizhzhia provinces of Ukraine. The Bill flagrantly infringes the Russian Constitution, criminal legislation and international law, essentially transforming the occupied territories of Ukraine into a lawless area. Yet again, the Bill underscores the imperial nature of the Russian war of aggression. Continue reading >>24 January 2023
The many troubles of the Fedotova judgment
On 17 January 2023, the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights ruled in Fedotova v Russia that the absence of any legal recognition and protection for same-sex couples amounts to a violation of Art. 8 of the Convention. For 30 Member States of the Council of Europe (CoE), this judgment changes nothing since their legal orders already allow same-sex couples to enter into marriage or into other forms of legally recognised relationships. For the remaining countries, however, the Fedotova judgment amounts to an external judicial pressure to change their legal landscape in a politically very sensitive area of LGBT+ rights. Fedotova is probably the most political judgment of all times. Continue reading >>
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The Council of Europe Creates a Black Box for AI Policy
The Council of Europe Committee on AI has made a startling decision to carry forward future work on the development of an international convention on AI behind closed doors, despite the Council’s call for the Democratic Governance of Artificial Intelligence in a 2020 resolution. It is a surprising move from an international organization that has been at the forefront of efforts to promote greater transparency and accountability for the technology that is transforming the world. Continue reading >>
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The Sultan’s Last Dance
Long-time ruler Recep Tayyip Erdoğan recently declared that he would run for president for the last time in the upcoming elections in 2023, indicating the end of his political career that stretched over four decades. This may sound like a strategic move to mobilize voters but it is actually not possible for him to run again according to the current constitution. The possibility for a renewed or "last" run for office does not lie in the hands of Erdoğan alone. Continue reading >>
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