19 June 2015

Richter als Soziologen, Soziologie als Entschuldigung

Am 18. Mai 2015 hat das Strafgericht in Rennes zwei Polizisten freigesprochen, die im Zusammenhang der Vorgänge von Clichy-sous-Bois angeklagt waren. Damit wurde ein strafrechtlicher Schlussstrich unter ein Ereignis gesetzt, das vor zehn Jahren, im Herbst 2005, zu den größten städtischen Unruhen Europas geführt hatte. Das Urteil steckt voller scharfsinniger Beobachtungen zur Soziologie der Polizei in Frankreich. Die Richter sind jedoch mit ihrer Verdichtung eines halben Jahrhunderts von Polizeisoziologie nicht darauf aus, Punkte in den Sozialwissenschaften zu machen. Es geht ihnen vielmehr darum, Verantwortung zu relativieren. Continue reading >>
18 June 2015

Ökonomenstreit produziert Juristenstreit: zum OMT-Verfahren zwischen EuGH und BVerfG

Stellt man die Vorabentscheidung des EuGH dem Vorlageersuchen des BVerfG gegenüber, wird deutlich, dass die materielle Kollision auf einem Import gegensätzlicher Ansichten aus der Ökonomie beruht und die Auseinandersetzung in der Sprache des Rechts juristisch fortgesetzt wird. Das BVerfG hat sich einer Fallhöhe ausgesetzt, die einen gesichtswahrenden Rückzug als dritte Möglichkeit neben der Aktivierung der Verfassungsvorbehalte oder der Akzeptanz der gegebenen Auslegung durch den EuGH unwahrscheinlich macht. Continue reading >>
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Mutually Assured Discretion: The ECJ on the ECB’s OMT Policy

In a political and economic perspective, the recent ECJ judgment on the OMT program is not more than a footnote, a short sideshow in a seemingly never-ending sequel of another dimension. Legally, however, I find the case quite remarkable. Unlike its Advocate General, the ECJ did not yield to the temptation to respond in kind to the FCC’s provocations. In particular, it avoids the issue of domestic vs. European constitutional identity that juxtaposed the FCC and the Advocate General. Instead, the ECJ has shown political responsibility and legal foresight in framing what could become a masterpiece of truly cooperative, other-regarding constitutional pluralism. Continue reading >>
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Mutually Assured Discretion: The ECJ on the ECB’s OMT Policy

In a political and economic perspective, the recent ECJ judgment on the OMT program is not more than a footnote, a short sideshow in a seemingly never-ending sequel of another dimension. Legally, however, I find the case quite remarkable. Unlike its Advocate General, the ECJ did not yield to the temptation to respond in kind to the FCC’s provocations. In particular, it avoids the issue of domestic vs. European constitutional identity that juxtaposed the FCC and the Advocate General. Instead, the ECJ has shown political responsibility and legal foresight in framing what could become a masterpiece of truly cooperative, other-regarding constitutional pluralism. Continue reading >>
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17 June 2015

Das OMT-Urteil des Europäischen Gerichtshofs: Fünf Beobachtungen

Nüchtern im Ton, nachvollziehbar in der Sache hat der EuGH die Vorlagefragen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zum Anleihenkauf durch die EZB beantwortet. Wenn die Antwort anders ausgefallen ist als die, die man hätte hören wollen, dann sollte man das nur dann kritisieren, wenn man die Frage, ob es für das OMT-Programm überhaupt einen grundgesetzlichen Maßstab gibt, positiv beantworten zu können glaubt. Man sollte jedenfalls nicht vergessen, wie überaus voraussetzungsvoll die Prämissen dieser verfassungsrechtlichen Konstruktionen sind, und deshalb auch nicht empfindlich sein, wenn gelegentlich daran erinnert wird. Continue reading >>

Was nun, Herr Voßkuhle?

Mit seinem Vorlagebeschluss zum OMT-Programm der EZB hatte das Bundesverfassungsgericht hoch gepokert. Im Schrifttum wurde der Vorlagebeschluss bereits mit einem spieltheoretischen „chicken game“ verglichen, bei dem Bundesverfassungsgericht und Europäischer Gerichtshof auf den sinnbildlichen Abgrund (alternativ: aufeinander) zurasen, um herauszufinden, wer von ihnen zuerst ausweicht oder auf die Bremse tritt. Nach dem OMT-Urteil des Gerichtshofs (Rs. C-62/14) wird man sagen müssen: der Europäische Gerichtshof tut es jedenfalls nicht, er hat nicht einmal gezuckt. Nun wird Karlsruhe entscheiden müssen, ob es „das Hühnchen“ gibt, oder ob es es mit seinem bereits in der Vorlageentscheidung vorbehaltenen „letzten Wort“ zu einem veritablen Zusammenprall der beiden Gerichtshöfe kommen lässt. Continue reading >>
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Reform of the EU’s Court System: Why a more accountable – not a larger – Court is the way forward

The European Court of Justice and its President Vassilios Skouris have been subject to unprecedented media scrutiny following intense internal infighting about a contentious proposal which officially aims to ‘reinforce the efficiency of justice at EU level’ by doubling the number of judges working at the General Court. The real challenge facing the Court today, though, is more qualitative than quantitative in nature. The proposal to double the number of GC judges appears to be ‘yesterday’s solution for yesterday’s problem’. Continue reading >>
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Reform of the EU’s Court System: Why a more accountable – not a larger – Court is the way forward

The European Court of Justice and its President Vassilios Skouris have been subject to unprecedented media scrutiny following intense internal infighting about a contentious proposal which officially aims to ‘reinforce the efficiency of justice at EU level’ by doubling the number of judges working at the General Court. The real challenge facing the Court today, though, is more qualitative than quantitative in nature. The proposal to double the number of GC judges appears to be ‘yesterday’s solution for yesterday’s problem’. Continue reading >>
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16 June 2015

So fern und doch so nah: Drohneneinsätze im Jemen im Visier der Grundrechte

Deutschland muss Grundrechte außerhalb seiner Gebietsgrenzen schützen, auch wenn Personen gefährdet sind, die nicht unter seiner „stabilisierten“ Hoheitsgewalt stehen. Es ist zudem auch dann verpflichtet, Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, wenn eine fremde Hoheitsgewalt Grundrechte zu beeinträchtigen droht, sofern ein Konnex zum Bundesgebiet besteht. Das hat das Verwaltungsgericht Köln am 27.05.2015 in der Sache Jaber entschieden und den Grundrechten „extraterritoriale Schärfe“ beigegeben. Allerdings hat es diese gleich wieder relativiert, indem es den staatlichen Beurteilungsspielraum in Sachen Völkerrechtskonformität weit auslegt und Deutschland ein umfassendes Ermessens bei der Erfüllung von Schutzpflichten zubilligt. Trotz des ambivalenten Eindrucks, den das Urteil hinterlässt, sind insbesondere die impliziten Aussagen zum Verhältnis von humanitärem Völkerrecht zu Grundrechten eines zweiten Blickes würdig. Continue reading >>
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15 June 2015

Al-Bashir: flouting court orders are anti-poor and anti-democratic

The decision by the South African government to ignore the order of the Gauteng High Court not to allow President Omar al-Bashir from North Sudan to leave the country, constitutes a deliberate, pre-meditated, act of contempt of court. The case raises many complex legal and geo-political questions over which reasonable people could profitably disagree. But even in an overheated political climate in which emotions tend to overpower principles and logic, it is unclear how any level-headed South African could support the deliberate flouting of a court order. Continue reading >>
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Al-Bashir: flouting court orders are anti-poor and anti-democratic

The decision by the South African government to ignore the order of the Gauteng High Court not to allow President Omar al-Bashir from North Sudan to leave the country, constitutes a deliberate, pre-meditated, act of contempt of court. The case raises many complex legal and geo-political questions over which reasonable people could profitably disagree. But even in an overheated political climate in which emotions tend to overpower principles and logic, it is unclear how any level-headed South African could support the deliberate flouting of a court order. Continue reading >>
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Des Menschen Wille ist sein Himmelreich: Das EGMR-Urteil zur Sterbehilfe

Der lange Streit um das Leben und Sterben des Vincent Lambert hat zumindest juristisch sein Ende gefunden. Die Große Kammer des EGMR hat entschieden, dass der Schritt, die Versorgung Lamberts mit Nahrung und Flüssigkeit einzustellen, nicht gegen die Menschenrechtskonvention verstößt. Doch das Urteil fiel nicht einstimmig. In ihrem abweichenden Votum kritisierten fünf der 17 Richter die Mehrheitsentscheidung ungewöhnlich scharf. Die Spaltung über den Fall Lambert, die seine Familie und ganz Frankreich in zwei Lager geteilt hat, hat damit auch den Gerichtshof erfasst. Continue reading >>
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12 June 2015

Foreign Policy and the Luxembourg Court: How to Address a Key Roadblock to EU Accession to the ECHR

The Court of Justice of the European Union recently declared the European Union cannot join the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) unless the Luxembourg court has jurisdiction over all questions of EU law that reach the Strasbourg court – including Common Foreign and Security Policy. The reasons behind this decision have been discussed elsewhere. The big question now is, how to proceed? Continue reading >>
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Foreign Policy and the Luxembourg Court: How to Address a Key Roadblock to EU Accession to the ECHR

The Court of Justice of the European Union recently declared the European Union cannot join the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) unless the Luxembourg court has jurisdiction over all questions of EU law that reach the Strasbourg court – including Common Foreign and Security Policy. The reasons behind this decision have been discussed elsewhere. The big question now is, how to proceed? Continue reading >>
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08 June 2015

Die Parlamentswahlen in der Türkei: eine verfassungspolitische Zäsur

Von rechts bis links sind alle Parteien in der Türkei der Meinung, dass die Verfassung der Putschisten geändert und das Land reformiert werden muss. Das Wahlergebnis zwingt zwar alle gewissen Kompromisse einzugehen. Die divergierenden Interessen der verschiedenen Gruppen machen es sehr schwierig, durch eine Verfassungsänderung die dringend nötigen Reformen einzuführen. Die Türkei hat aber keine andere Chance als die Integration der Minderheiten über eine föderal ausgestaltete Verfassung. Nur durch multiethnische und multireligiöse Vielfalt mit einer neuen föderal ausgerichteten Verfassung kann die Türkei dem Schicksal entgehen, das ihre Nachbarstaaten zurzeit erleben. Continue reading >>
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The EP 2014 Elections: Constitutional Change or Window-Dressing?

The constitutional expectations developed around the European elections of May 2014 were effectively quite high. Faced with a mounting crisis affecting their output legitimacy, European institutions had to strengthen their status through a different channel. An agreement was struck among the main European political parties for nominating a candidate to the President of the European Commission to be supported, in case of victory at the polls, before the European Council. This novelty was introduced as a two-fold opportunity: first, as a chance for enhancing the representative quality of EU lawmaking and, second, to move the relationship between Parliament and Commission toward a form of parliamentary government. Did it succeed? In hindsight, it is clear that the elections of 2014 did produce some effects, but not those of significant politicisation initially envisaged. Continue reading >>
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The EP 2014 Elections: Constitutional Change or Window-Dressing?

The constitutional expectations developed around the European elections of May 2014 were effectively quite high. Faced with a mounting crisis affecting their output legitimacy, European institutions had to strengthen their status through a different channel. An agreement was struck among the main European political parties for nominating a candidate to the President of the European Commission to be supported, in case of victory at the polls, before the European Council. This novelty was introduced as a two-fold opportunity: first, as a chance for enhancing the representative quality of EU lawmaking and, second, to move the relationship between Parliament and Commission toward a form of parliamentary government. Did it succeed? In hindsight, it is clear that the elections of 2014 did produce some effects, but not those of significant politicisation initially envisaged. Continue reading >>
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06 June 2015

„Es gibt eine Vernachlässigung des Rechts in Frankreich“

Die französische Regierung plant ein Gesetz, das den Überwachungsbehörden umfassendste Befugnisse gibt und kaum Kontrolle vorsieht. Olivier Beaud, Verfassungsrechtsprofessor aus Paris, im Verfassungsblog-Interview über Stärke der Exekutive und die Schwäche von Justiz und Zivilgesellschaft in Frankreich. Continue reading >>
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01 June 2015

Warum das Tarifeinheitsgesetz die Falschen trifft

Am 22. Mai 2015 hat der Deutsche Bundestag das „Gesetz [...] Continue reading >>
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27 May 2015

An Empire of Capital? Transatlantic Investment Protection as the Institutionalization of Unjustified Privilege

The field of investor state arbitration is historically connected to purposes and contexts, which are strikingly different from the contemporary world of trade and investment relations between liberal constitutional democracies. What might conceivably have been a mutually useful policy instrument in the relationship between developing and developed countries has no plausible role to play in the relationship between developed liberal constitutional democracies. The idea of investment arbitration as a field with its own separate dispute resolution infrastructure should be seen as an inherently dubious transitional phenomenon that deserves to wither away over time, rather than being reformed. Continue reading >>
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An Empire of Capital? Transatlantic Investment Protection as the Institutionalization of Unjustified Privilege

The field of investor state arbitration is historically connected to purposes and contexts, which are strikingly different from the contemporary world of trade and investment relations between liberal constitutional democracies. What might conceivably have been a mutually useful policy instrument in the relationship between developing and developed countries has no plausible role to play in the relationship between developed liberal constitutional democracies. The idea of investment arbitration as a field with its own separate dispute resolution infrastructure should be seen as an inherently dubious transitional phenomenon that deserves to wither away over time, rather than being reformed. Continue reading >>
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26 May 2015

Gleiche Rechte als Sonderrechte?

Nach dem Referendum in Irland ist es auch in Deutschland an der Zeit, die Ehe für gleichgeschlechtliche Paare zu öffnen. Als politischer Zwischenschritt war das Lebenspartnerschaftsgesetz äußerst wichtig und hat viel in Bewegung gesetzt. Aber ein Sonderrecht, wie es sich in der Sonderbezeichnung als Lebenspartnerschaft statt Ehe ausdrückt und in den vielen fortbestehenden Ungleichbehandlungen in Einzelrechten niederschlägt, das entspricht nicht dem fundamentalen Anspruch von gleichgeschlechtlichen Paaren auf Anerkennung ihrer Gleichheit mit verschiedengeschlechtlichen Paaren. Sonst werden gleichgeschlechtlich liebende Menschen rechtlich weiterhin als Bürger*innen zweiter Klasse behandelt. Nur die gleiche Ehe für gleichgeschlechtliche wie verschiedengeschlechtliche Paare löst das verfassungsrechtliche Gleichheitsversprechen des Grundgesetzes ein. Continue reading >>
22 May 2015

Giving Greece a chance

Opinion piece by members of the Eiffel Group and the [...] Continue reading >>

Donnons sa chance à la Grèce

Dix-neuf personnalités économiques et politiques, françaises et allemandes, se prononcent contre toute résignation à la fausse solution du «Grexit». Continue reading >>
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Helft Griechenland!

19 Intellektuelle aus Deutschland und Frankreich fordern, das Krisenland in der Euro-Zone zu halten. Nötig seien Reformen, eine Sonderwirtschaftszone und noch ein Hilfsprogramm. Continue reading >>
19 May 2015
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“Germany should take up a leadership role towards a global solidarity system of refugee protection”

Is the European Union with its motion for military intervention against refugee smugglers asking the UN Security Council to bless a blatant breach of international human rights law? James C. Hathaway, one of the most respected experts on international refugee law in the world, on Europe's response to the refugee crisis in the Mediterranean Sea, on its failure to provide protection for the 4 million refugees from Syria and the urgent need for a global system of shared responsibility. Continue reading >>
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Dublin ist gescheitert: Thesen zum Umbau des europäischen Asylsystems

Wer in Europa Zuflucht sucht, bekommt es mit dem so genannten Dublin-System zu tun: In der Dublin-Verordnung ist geregelt, welcher europäische Staat sich um welchen Asylbewerber kümmert. Das Dublin-System dient von seinem Ursprung im Schengenrecht her primär Staateninteressen. Jeder Flüchtling soll innerhalb des Kooperationsraumes ein Asylverfahren erhalten, die Zuständigkeit dafür soll effizient geklärt werden, wobei zentraler Zuordnungsgrund der Ersteintritt ist (Verursacherprinzip). Dieses System ist gescheitert. Continue reading >>
18 May 2015

Europäische Freizügigkeit für Flüchtlinge: Warum die EU-Quote gegen die Interessen der Flüchtlinge gerichtet ist

Die EU-Kommission plant, die Verteilung ankommender Flüchtlinge in der EU künftig über eine Quote zu regulieren. Ob es dazu kommt, ist angesichts massiver Widerstände in vielen Mitgliedstaaten mehr als fraglich. Aber selbst wenn – ist die Quote tatsächlich der große Durchbruch, als der sie von vielen gefeiert wird, oder nur ein Versuch, die Komplexität von Migrationsbewegungen und Flucht durch ein mathematisches Verfahren bürokratisch zu organisieren? Continue reading >>
13 May 2015

Legal implications of human rights reform in the UK

The return of a majority Conservative government in last week’s general election in the UK has made the Conservative Party’s plans for reforming human rights law in the United Kingdom a likely prospect. It is recalled that on 3 October 2014, the Conservative Party published its policy document ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK’ which sets out its proposal to repeal the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and replace it with a new British Bill of Rights. In addition, the policy document also raised the prospect that the UK might withdraw from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). But none of that is as easy as it sounds. Continue reading >>
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Legal implications of human rights reform in the UK

The return of a majority Conservative government in last week’s general election in the UK has made the Conservative Party’s plans for reforming human rights law in the United Kingdom a likely prospect. It is recalled that on 3 October 2014, the Conservative Party published its policy document ‘Protecting Human Rights in the UK’ which sets out its proposal to repeal the Human Rights Act 1998 (HRA) and replace it with a new British Bill of Rights. In addition, the policy document also raised the prospect that the UK might withdraw from the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). But none of that is as easy as it sounds. Continue reading >>
10 May 2015

“Brexit/Scot-in”: could a non-independent Scotland stay in the European Union in case of a Brexit?

If the UK will leave the European Union after a Brexit referendum in 2017, Scotland will either have to secede or, unwillingly, leave the EU along with the rest of the Kingdom. Or so goes conventional wisdom. Is the prospect of a non-independent Scotland remaining part of the EU while the UK leaves really totally inconceivable? Not entirely. Continue reading >>

“Brexit/Scot-in”: could a non-independent Scotland stay in the European Union in case of a Brexit?

If the UK will leave the European Union after a Brexit referendum in 2017, Scotland will either have to secede or, unwillingly, leave the EU along with the rest of the Kingdom. Or so goes conventional wisdom. Is the prospect of a non-independent Scotland remaining part of the EU while the UK leaves really totally inconceivable? Not entirely. Continue reading >>
07 May 2015

Viktor Orbán’s rampage to attract more far right voters

The latest dangerous ideas of PM Orbán and his government to reintroduce the death penalty in Hungary, to legitimate the disclosure of immigrants through the foreseeable result of a ‘national consultation’, and to legalize the segregation of Roma in public education further undermine the democratic values of Article 2 of the Treaty of the European Union. This new wave of anti-rule-of-law populism is a direct consequence of the continuous decline of the governing party’s popularity. Continue reading >>

Viktor Orbán’s rampage to attract more far right voters

The latest dangerous ideas of PM Orbán and his government to reintroduce the death penalty in Hungary, to legitimate the disclosure of immigrants through the foreseeable result of a ‘national consultation’, and to legalize the segregation of Roma in public education further undermine the democratic values of Article 2 of the Treaty of the European Union. This new wave of anti-rule-of-law populism is a direct consequence of the continuous decline of the governing party’s popularity. Continue reading >>
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06 May 2015
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PKW-Maut: Nächster Halt Bundespräsidialamt

Am Freitag entscheidet der Bundesrat, ob in Sachen PKW-Maut der Vermittlungsausschuss angerufen wird. Aber selbst wenn nicht: die Zweifel, ob die Maut europarechtlich überhaupt zulässig ist, bleiben bestehen. Kann der Bundespräsident das Gesetz vor seiner Ausfertigung nicht auch auf seine Vereinbarkeit mit dem Europarecht prüfen? Sowohl aus verfassungs- als auch aus europarechtlicher Sicht spricht viel dafür. Continue reading >>
05 May 2015
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A Never-Ending Story : Die Vorratsdatenspeicherung

Nach zunächst tapferem Widerstand hat sich jetzt das Bundesministerium für Justiz und Verbraucherschutz entschlossen, dem Drängen der Big-Data-Fraktion nachzugeben und erneut eine Vorratsdatenspeicherung in Deutschland mitzutragen. Die Salami-Taktik des Ministeriums, erst einmal eine grobe Richtschnur in den Raum zu stellen, um dann noch in concreto nachbessern zu können, zeigt, wie unsicher man sich dort eigentlich ist. Und dies durchaus zu Recht. Man würde sich wünschen, dass das Bauchgrimmen des Ministeriums, das sich bisher in bemerkenswerter Weise zugunsten von Privatheit und Datenschutz hervorgetan hat, wieder auf diese Tugenden besinnt und endgültig an der „Vorratsdatenspeicherung“ nicht weiterschreibt. Continue reading >>
01 May 2015

Die Angst vor der epistemischen Unsicherheit: das gruppenspezifische Blutspendeverbot vor dem EuGH

Gestern urteilte der EuGH über die Vereinbarkeit des französischen Blutspendeverbots für Männer, die gleichgeschlechtliche Sexualkontakte haben. Nachdem er sich in letzter Zeit vor allem im Bereich des Datenschutzes durchaus als Grundrechtsgericht profiliert hat, bestätigt sich diese Tendenz auch im vorliegenden Urteil, das sich durch eine detaillierte Grundrechtsprüfung mit ausgewogener Verhältnismäßigkeitsprüfung auszeichnet. Für die Zukunft ist dem EuGH auch aus Eigeninteresse anzuraten, künftig mutiger auch unter epistemischer Unsicherheit zu entscheiden und diese grundrechtsdogmatisch operabel zu machen. Continue reading >>
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27 April 2015

Bundesnachrichtendienst und NSA: zu viele offene Fragen

Die Skandalchronik des Bundesnachrichtendienstes, so scheint es, ist um ein Kapitel reicher. Glaubt man dem SPIEGEL und anderen Presseorganen, soll der amerikanische Nachrichtendienst NSA dem Bundesnachrichtendienst Indikatoren für dessen technische Aufklärung übermittelt haben. Doch der geschilderte Sachverhalt lässt sich nämlich auf zwei verschiedene Weisen interpretieren. In der einen wäre das Verhalten des BND rundum rechtmäßig, in der anderen dagegen grob rechtswidrig. Continue reading >>
25 April 2015

Slovenia constitutionally reloaded, but still failing

Some time ago this blog has lent itself as a platform for an intense debate on a systemic rule of law and democracy defiance in several EU Member States, most notably in Hungary. In that context, I contributed a short post on what I then called the de facto failed Slovenian democracy. I described a judicial process against the leader of the opposition, who was accused and convicted with the force of res judicata exclusively on the basis of circumstantial evidence for having accepted a promise of an unknown award at a vaguely determined time, at an undetermined place and by an undetermined mode of communication to use his influence, then as a Prime Minister, to have a military contract awarded to the Finnish company Patria. The ruling was confirmed by the Supreme Court and then appealed to the Constitutional Court. Two days ago the latter quashed the entire process. Continue reading >>
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Slovenia constitutionally reloaded, but still failing

Some time ago this blog has lent itself as a platform for an intense debate on a systemic rule of law and democracy defiance in several EU Member States, most notably in Hungary. In that context, I contributed a short post on what I then called the de facto failed Slovenian democracy. I described a judicial process against the leader of the opposition, who was accused and convicted with the force of res judicata exclusively on the basis of circumstantial evidence for having accepted a promise of an unknown award at a vaguely determined time, at an undetermined place and by an undetermined mode of communication to use his influence, then as a Prime Minister, to have a military contract awarded to the Finnish company Patria. The ruling was confirmed by the Supreme Court and then appealed to the Constitutional Court. Two days ago the latter quashed the entire process. Continue reading >>
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24 April 2015

Dr. “Law-Discoverer” and Mr. “Law-Maker”: the Strange Case of Case-Law in France.

The legal status of case-law is ambiguous in most legal systems. It is in fact a constitutional matter, a matter of separation of powers. If the judges can “make” the law, doesn’t it make them the equivalent of the legislative power? The legal situation of case-law in France traditionally reflects this ambiguity. However, a recent trend in French law seems to imply that case-law is progressively accepted as a source of law. The latest example of this is a decision from the Tribunal des conflits on the 9th March 2015. Continue reading >>
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Dr. “Law-Discoverer” and Mr. “Law-Maker”: the Strange Case of Case-Law in France.

The legal status of case-law is ambiguous in most legal systems. It is in fact a constitutional matter, a matter of separation of powers. If the judges can “make” the law, doesn’t it make them the equivalent of the legislative power? The legal situation of case-law in France traditionally reflects this ambiguity. However, a recent trend in French law seems to imply that case-law is progressively accepted as a source of law. The latest example of this is a decision from the Tribunal des conflits on the 9th March 2015. Continue reading >>
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21 April 2015

Asylum Policy in the EU: Holy Saint Florian, Spare this Cottage, Burn the Other One!

In the past days, an estimated 1,000 people drowned in the Mediterranean, when two boats sank in quick succession. The urgent call for a search and rescue system adequate to the situation is completely justified. Assistance in distress at sea is an age-old international obligation, which was laid down in several international treaties, and to denounce it as support for smugglers is as cynical as it is misleading. If smugglers aren’t to profit from these needs, legal access to asylum must be opened—showing the very solidarity to overstrained countries in the region that the Refugee Convention demands in its preamble. This requires a radically different approach; the measures envisaged by the EU are but a meager beginning. Continue reading >>

Flüchtlingspolitik in der EU: Heiliger Sankt Florian, verschon’ mein Haus, zünd’ and’re an!

In den vergangenen Tagen sind vermutlich über tausend Menschen im Mittelmeer ertrunken, als in kurzer Folge zwei Boote untergingen. Der dringliche Ruf nach einem der Gefahrenlage angemessenen Seenotrettungssystem ist absolut berechtigt und richtig. Die Rettung aus Seenot ist eine uralte völkerrechtliche Pflicht, und sie als Unterstützung für Schlepper anzuprangern, ist so zynisch wie irreführend. Wer nicht will, dass Schlepper profitieren, muss legale Zugangswege zu schützendem Asyl schaffen – und damit überlasteten Aufnahmestaaten in Krisenregionen diejenige Solidarität leisten, die die Präambel der Flüchtlingskonvention einfordert. Das erfordert ein grundlegendes Umdenken; die soeben verabschieden Maßnahmen der EU sind hier allenfalls ein Anfang. Continue reading >>

“Italian-style” secession and the semi-indifference of national politics

On April 28th, the Italian Constitutional Court will hold a public hearing on the constitutionality of the planned independence referendum in the northern Italian region of Veneto. Unlike its Scottish and Catalan counterparts, the Veneto secession case has been largely ignored on the national political level in Italy. From a legal point of view, the unconstitutionality of an independence referendum seems hard to deny. But politically, nevertheless, treating regional separatism as a taboo could endanger the very thing it seeks to protect, the one and indivisible Republic of Italy. Continue reading >>
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“Italian-style” secession and the semi-indifference of national politics

On April 28th, the Italian Constitutional Court will hold a public hearing on the constitutionality of the planned independence referendum in the northern Italian region of Veneto. Unlike its Scottish and Catalan counterparts, the Veneto secession case has been largely ignored on the national political level in Italy. From a legal point of view, the unconstitutionality of an independence referendum seems hard to deny. But politically, nevertheless, treating regional separatism as a taboo could endanger the very thing it seeks to protect, the one and indivisible Republic of Italy. Continue reading >>
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20 April 2015

The UK’s general election: a fundamental change to UK/EU relations?

The result of the current British election campaign could be crucial for the future of the UK’s relations with the European Union. Every UK-wide election party which is likely to win seats in the election has now released its election manifesto, namely: the Conservatives;Labour; Liberal Democrats; UKIP; and the Greens. It’s therefore a good time to examine what the parties are saying about the EU, and what the various post-election scenarios would mean for the UK’s relations with the EU. Continue reading >>

The UK’s general election: a fundamental change to UK/EU relations?

The result of the current British election campaign could be crucial for the future of the UK’s relations with the European Union. Every UK-wide election party which is likely to win seats in the election has now released its election manifesto, namely: the Conservatives;Labour; Liberal Democrats; UKIP; and the Greens. It’s therefore a good time to examine what the parties are saying about the EU, and what the various post-election scenarios would mean for the UK’s relations with the EU. Continue reading >>
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17 April 2015

Irish Supreme Court Overturns Absolute Exclusionary Rule for Unconstitutionally Obtained Evidence

On Wednesday, the Irish Supreme Court ruled by a majority of 4-3 that evidence obtained in criminal cases in breach of constitutional principles need not necessarily be excluded at trial, overturning a 24 year-old precedent on foot of which all such evidence was automatically excluded. The case is notable on a number of levels: it has obvious implications for the conduct of criminal trials, and raises interesting issues around the retrospective application of declarations of unconstitutionality. It also possibly marks the beginning of a more assertive period for the Irish Supreme Court, following two decades of marked restraint. Continue reading >>
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Irish Supreme Court Overturns Absolute Exclusionary Rule for Unconstitutionally Obtained Evidence

On Wednesday, the Irish Supreme Court ruled by a majority of 4-3 that evidence obtained in criminal cases in breach of constitutional principles need not necessarily be excluded at trial, overturning a 24 year-old precedent on foot of which all such evidence was automatically excluded. The case is notable on a number of levels: it has obvious implications for the conduct of criminal trials, and raises interesting issues around the retrospective application of declarations of unconstitutionality. It also possibly marks the beginning of a more assertive period for the Irish Supreme Court, following two decades of marked restraint. Continue reading >>