07 June 2017

Der Staat darf keine Steuern erfinden

Das Kernbrennstoffsteuergesetz ist nichtig, da dem Bund die Gesetzgebungskompetenz fehlt. Für das BVerfG handelt es sich weder um eine Verbrauchssteuer noch hatte der Bund das Recht, eine neue Steuerart zu erfinden. Letzteres ist zu begrüßen, aber die Aussagen zur Verbrauchssteuer werfen Fragen auf. Continue reading >>
05 June 2017

Neues vom Glossator 2: Acht Thesen zum genauen Hinschauen

Schon wieder Montag. Kommentare sind wie Montage, sie stehen unter einem Wiederholungszwang. Das, was sie wollen, scheitert. Darum muss es wiederholt werden. Continue reading >>
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03 June 2017

The Constitutional Tribunal

In the present constitutional crisis, my position is that we have to criticise the changes made by the ruling party to the Constitutional Tribunal but not because they undermine rule of law in Poland and are radical. In my opinion the changes are not radical at all. We do not see changes in the “grammar” of law but we observe changes of elites with preservation of the same institutional setting. Only the aesthetic dimension of exercise of power by the government has changed. The rhetoric indeed has rapidly changed but all mechanisms remain the same. In such a situation, the “self-defence” of the institutions including constitutional tribunal in Poland is a part of the political spectacle, part of the drama by which mobilised citizens are manipulated for political gain. Continue reading >>
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02 June 2017

Ukraine’s Ban on Russian Social Media: On The Edge Between National Security and Freedom of Expression

Can Ukraine's ban of Russian social media be legally justified? While the international community mostly condemns the ban, a closer look at the European Convention of Human Rights reveals that the matter is not so easy. Continue reading >>
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01 June 2017

Triple Talaq before the Indian Supreme Court

The Supreme Court of India has to decide a case that has captured India’s political, constitutional and social imagination – a challenge to the constitutional validity of triple talaq, a practice that allows a Muslim man to divorce his wife unilaterally simply by uttering the word “talaq” thrice. Continue reading >>

The Constitutional Referendum in Turkey: A far Stretch from Right to Free Elections to Referenda?

The Constitutional referendum in Turkey left many voters uncertain about the actual outcome: Unstamped ballots were registered as valid and an appeal against that procedure did not show any satisfying results. Will an appeal in front of the ECtHR show more favourable results? Continue reading >>
31 May 2017

Mixity after Opinion 2/15: Judicial Confusion over Shared Competences

In its momentous opinion about the Singapore free trade agreement, the ECJ seemed to have eliminated the option of ‘facultative’ EU-only agreements which do not embrace ISDS. It seems to me that this overlooks an important novelty of Opinion 2/15, which gave explicit judicial blessing to the option of ‘facultative’ EU-only agreements, although the Court hides the innovation behind an inconsistent use of the notion of ‘shared’ powers. Continue reading >>
30 May 2017

Das Parteiverbot ist tot, es lebe der Entzug staatlicher Parteienfinanzierung?

Das Parteiensystem ist als Wettbewerbsordnung ausgestaltet, Parteienrecht ist damit Wettbewerbsrecht. Die staatliche Parteienfinanzierung gründet sich darauf, sie soll die Chancengleichheit der Parteien gewährleisten und fördern, der politischen Minderheit von heute die Möglichkeit geben, die Mehrheit von morgen zu werden. Der Ausschluss einzelner Parteien wegen ihrer inhaltlichen Ausrichtung kratzt an den Grundpfeilern dieses Systems. Der bisherigen Dogmatik zur Chancengleichheit wird der Boden entzogen. Continue reading >>

“Liste Sebastian Kurz”: ein Auswuchs eines gravierenden Mangels im österreichischen Parteienrecht

Droht der ÖVP, derzeit zweitstärkste Partei in Österreich, eine Art Erdoganisierung, die in dem weit verbreiteten Wunsch nach einem "starken Mann" gar eine gesellschaftliche Legitimation findet? Spätestens seit dem Desaster rund um die letzte Wahl des Bundespräsidenten weiß man auch im Ausland über das mitunter schlampige Demokratieverständnis in Österreich. Es wundert deshalb nicht, dass in den letzten Tagen in Österreich so gut wie niemand die Frage gestellt hat, ob eine derartige Entwicklung in der ÖVP rechtlich überhaupt zulässig ist. Continue reading >>
29 May 2017

Ausschluss von der Parteienfinanzierung: ein Lichtschalter in der Hand der NPD

Die NPD ist, wenngleich nicht verboten, so doch amtlich festgestelltermaßen verfassungsfeindlich, und deshalb gibt es so gut wie keine Kontroverse über die beiden Entwürfe der Regierungsfraktionen und des Bundesrates, ihr jetzt die staatliche Parteienfinanzierung wegzunehmen und zu diesem Zweck das Grundgesetz zu ändern. Fast alle begrüßen den Schritt, zumal die problematische Idee, mit dieser Entscheidung den Bundestagspräsidenten zu betrauen statt das Bundesverfassungsgericht, mittlerweile vom Tisch ist. Dass die Entwürfe aber alles andere sind als ein No-Brainer, hat sich heute bei der Sachverständigenanhörung im Innenausschuss des Bundestags herausgestellt. Continue reading >>

Der EuGH in H.C. Chavez-Vilchez: Abgeleitetes Aufenthaltsrecht aus der Unionsbürgerschaft und die Bedeutung des Kindeswohls

Der EuGH baut in der Rechtssache Chavez-Vilchez vom 10. Mai auf seine bisherigen Ausführungen auf, inwiefern Drittstaatsangehörige ein Aufenthaltsrecht aus der Unionsbürgerschaft ihrer minderjährigen Kinder ableiten können. Wird dadurch die rechtliche Ausnahme langsam zur Regel? Und welche Bedeutung hat dabei das Kindeswohl? Continue reading >>

Neues vom Glossator I: Wozu Glossatoren?

Seit einiger Zeit kommentiere ich auf Facebook, jeden Morgen. Warum? Ich bin Jurist, ich muss das tun. Die Welt ist im Fall, also muss man kommentieren. Continue reading >>
26 May 2017

EuG-Urteil zur Europäischen Bürgerinitiative: Gut für Bürgerbeteiligung, zu spät für “Stop TTIP”

Am 10. Mai 2017 hat das Europäische Gericht (EuG) eine Entscheidung zur Europäischen Bürgerinitiative (EBI) getroffen, die Grundsatzcharakter hat. Das Urteil stärkt die Bedeutung der EBI und sichert eine weite Auslegung. Und es ermöglicht die frühe Anwendung einer EBI, die bei internationalen Vertragsverhandlungen eine Einflussnahme noch in diesem Stadium gestattet. Continue reading >>
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25 May 2017

Abusive comparativism: “Pseudo-comparativist” political discourse as a means to legitimizing constitutional change in Turkey

The constitutional amendment process has arguably weakened Turkey’s already-fragile constitutionalist system. This is well known. What is less known and pretty much overlooked is that comparativism and specifically comparative constitutionalism has suffered at the hands of Turkish political elites during the legal and political discussions that preceded the referendum. Continue reading >>
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24 May 2017

Genauer hinschauen: Der Beschluss des BVerfG zu einer Abschiebung nach Griechenland

Ob Grundrechte ausreichend geschützt sind, das ist unter Anschauung der Wirklichkeit festzustellen und nicht lediglich mit Blick auf eine Rechtsnorm. Weil das VG Minden das nicht tun wollte, hat das Bundesverfassungsgericht die Abschiebung eines in Griechenland bereits anerkannten Asylbewerbers nach Griechenland gestoppt. Die Rückführung auszusetzen, kann aber nur eine Notbremse sein, nicht aber die aktive Gestaltung der Verantwortungsteilung für den Flüchtlingsschutz in der EU ersetzen. Eine Möglichkeit dazu wäre der europäische Asylstatus. Continue reading >>

Judicial Trust as a Zero-Sum Game in Turbulent Times

The current European Rule of Law crisis has resulted in a situation of distrust between national and European institutions, which has led to the necessity to reflect about the relevance of trust and its implications for the creation and sustainability of a European legal area. In this regard, Prof. von Bogdandy has recently stressed in this blog the importance of trust as a crucial element for promoting cooperation in multi-level systems, like the EU, where non-strict hierarchical relationships between national and EU institutions are articulated. In this post, I argue about the importance of trust among judges in the European legal system based on recent empirical findings. Continue reading >>
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23 May 2017
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The Singapore Opinion or the End of Mixity as We Know It

Last week on Tuesday, with its decision in Opinion 2/15, on the Union’s competence to conclude ‘new generation’ EU trade and investment agreements, the Court dropped a bombshell. The Court’s ruling is set to significantly simplify the EU’s international economic relations with third countries. If the Commission, the Council and the member states had demanded clarity as to which institutions may legitimately pursue the Union’s external action objectives in its commercial relations: clarity is what they earned. The decision indeed has the potential to greatly facilitate an ‘EU-only’ signing and conclusion of future EU trade agreements. At the same time, as we argue below, the Court’s reasoning entails a number of contradicting elements that may add confusion over the legal parameters of post-Lisbon EU external relations conduct. Continue reading >>
22 May 2017

Afghanistan’s Constitution between Sharia Law and International Human Rights

Afghanistan’s 2004 constitution is a compromise between liberal internationalists, local clerics and warlords. Apostasy cases are the constitution’s litmus test. Continue reading >>
18 May 2017

No Consensus – but Hope at Villa Vigoni

The Colloquium on the judgment of the Italian Constitutional Court [...] Continue reading >>
17 May 2017

The Singapore Silver Bullet

Is the CJEU's Opinion on the Singapore free trade agreement a boost for Brexit? After reading the Opinion my feeling is exactly the opposite. The Court has made a clever juggling exercise with Christmas presents for everybody. But in fact, the Court has saved the best Christmas present for itself. And there are hardly any gifts for Britain. In fact, the Opinion contains a paragraph that could blow up the entire Brexit process. Continue reading >>
16 May 2017

A Principle of Direct Effect: The Eurasian Economic Union’s Court pushes for more Integration

In a reply to a Belarusian request, the Court of the Eurasian Economic Union decided in one of the most important cases of its history. It formulated the ‘direct effect’ principle in order to coordinate between EAEU law and the domestic legal orders of the EAEU Member States. Continue reading >>
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15 May 2017

Suggesting Solutions: Do the Right Thing

This short presentation distils the conclusions of the panel regarding [...] Continue reading >>
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Suggesting Solutions: A European Way?

The conveners asked the third panel of the conference to [...] Continue reading >>
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Suggesting Solutions: What about Concessions to be Made by Both Sides?

In the following I will briefly give you an overview [...] Continue reading >>
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Suggesting Solutions: Providing Compensation to the Victims as a Moral and Legal Duty

The first panel dealt intensively with the question as to [...] Continue reading >>
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14 May 2017

Ein Gericht rudert zurück: „Nikolaus“ ohne Haus

Mit seinem Beschluss vom 11. April 2017 sieht sich das Bundesverfassungsgericht zum wiederholten Male genötigt, ein Loch zuzuschaufeln, das es zuvor selbst gegraben hat: Wie grenzt man verfassungsunmittelbare Leistungsansprüche auf Leistungen der Gesundheitsversorgung ein, wenn man sie zuvor kühn konstruiert hat? Continue reading >>
13 May 2017

Why the Announced Constitutional Referendum in Poland is not a Constitutional Referendum after all

The President of Poland has announced that a constitutional referendum will be held in 2018. This is surprising for at least two reasons. Continue reading >>
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LIVE: Remedies against Immunity

Continue reading >>
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12 May 2017

A clever and dangerous move – or: a Roman Court goes Lutheran

2 ½ years after it was rendered, Sentenza 238/14 of [...] Continue reading >>
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After Sentenza 238: A Plea for Legal Peace

1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS This post summarizes some of the key [...] Continue reading >>
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Judgment 238/2014 and the importance of a constructive dialogue

I will focus here on two facets of Judgment 238/2014 [...] Continue reading >>
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11 May 2017

Italian Concerns after Sentenza 238/2014

Judicial practice may be a means to overcome the opposition [...] Continue reading >>
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Italian concerns after sentenza 238/2014: possible reactions, possible solutions

Introduction 1. International legal thinking has long been dominated by [...] Continue reading >>
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German concerns after Sentenza 238/2014: Possible reactions – possible solutions

Jurisdictional Immunities, or: A Formally Strong German Position On the [...] Continue reading >>
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Introduction: In search for conciliation

Sentenza 238/2014 of the Italian Constitutional Court created a legal [...] Continue reading >>
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Ursprung, Wandel und Zukunft der Verfassung: Dieter Grimm zum 80. Geburtstag

In seiner Integrität als Mensch, seiner Genauigkeit und Weitsicht als Rechtswissenschaftler, seiner klaren Sprache als Autor, seinem Engagement für Studierende als Hochschullehrer, seinem ausgeprägten Sinn für Recht und Gerechtigkeit als Bundesverfassungsrichter und seiner öffentlichen Wirkungskraft als Intellektueller ist Dieter Grimm ein Vorbild. Continue reading >>
10 May 2017

Trump and the FBI: Four very quick questions and answers from SANFORD LEVINSON

US President Donald Trump, to the bewildered horror of many, has dismissed FBI director James Comey in the middle of an investigation about his aides' ties to Russia. Some even call this situation a constitutional crisis. We have shot Constitutional Law professor Sandy Levinson four very quick questions and received four equally short answers. Continue reading >>
09 May 2017

Brexit Lawsuits, But Not As You Know Them 

Calling in the lawyers is becoming a frequent response to the challenges of Brexit. While court actions on matters of constitutional law are well known, there is another, less publicised, avenue of legal resistance. The consequence: the Brexit bill is about to become a lot bigger. Continue reading >>
04 May 2017

Populist Constitutionalism

Populist engagement with constitution-making and constitutional reform forms a distinctive, [...] Continue reading >>
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Judges Speaking for the People: Judicial Populism beyond Judicial Decisions

We typically think of courts as victims or targets of [...] Continue reading >>
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03 May 2017

Working Well Is The Best Strategy: Judges under Populism

Introduction: foes of all stripes Let’s start with this truism—no [...] Continue reading >>
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In Defense of Judicial Populism: Lessons from Colombia

In 2005, the Colombian Constitutional Court upheld an amendment allowing [...] Continue reading >>
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02 May 2017

Populism and the Turkish Constitutional Court: the Game Broker, the Populist and the Popular

Populist strategies have for some time been an integral part [...] Continue reading >>
30 April 2017

Populism and Judicial Backlash in the United States and Europe

Common criticisms of judicial activism stretch from the somewhat outdated [...] Continue reading >>
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29 April 2017

Schranken für die weltweite Überwachung? Was die jüngsten Ankündigungen der NSA zu bedeuten haben

Am gestrigen Nachmittag gab die NSA überraschend bekannt, eine zentrale Komponente ihres globalen Überwachungssystems zu beenden. In der Zukunft will die Behörde nur Emails speichern, die von oder an verdächtige Ausländer gesendet wurden („to or from communications“). Hingegen werden nicht mehr alle Internet-Nachrichten daraufhin gescannt, ob sie Daten verdächtiger Ausländer im Text der Nachricht nennen („about communications“). Weniger Überwachung klingt gut. Und die ersten Reaktionen in den USA sind verhalten positiv, wird damit doch einer zentralen Forderung von BürgerrechtlerInnen entsprochen. Doch was bedeutet der Kurswechsel aus europäischer und deutscher Sicht? Continue reading >>
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Much Ado About Nothing? Legal and Political Schooling for the Hungarian Government

After his infamous law against the Central European University, the EU Commission has announced a treaty infringement procedure against Hungary. That will probably be of limited help against the systemic threat to the rule of law in Viktor Orbán's state. Politically more effective might be the pressure exerted by the European People's Party. Continue reading >>
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Safeguarding Democratic Institutions

A discussion of courts and populism begs for definitional boundaries.  [...] Continue reading >>
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28 April 2017

Trapped in the Age of Trump: the American Supreme Court and 21st Century Populism

The American Supreme Court is currently ill-equipped to confront populism. [...] Continue reading >>
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27 April 2017

Courts in a Populist World

“I did not come to in order to be loved [...] Continue reading >>
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Pakistan’s Reluctant Constitutionalism

On 20 April 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled in one of the greatest cases in its turbulent history: the impeachment of the prime minister for involvements in shady financial dealings that bubbled up after the Panama Papers. Nothing happened; the court only showed Nawaz Sharif the yellow card. But while Pakistan narrowly missed her constitutional moment by a single judge’s vote, the court’s ruling displayed tremendous democratic maturity. Continue reading >>