14 May 2017
Ein Gericht rudert zurück: „Nikolaus“ ohne Haus
Mit seinem Beschluss vom 11. April 2017 sieht sich das Bundesverfassungsgericht zum wiederholten Male genötigt, ein Loch zuzuschaufeln, das es zuvor selbst gegraben hat: Wie grenzt man verfassungsunmittelbare Leistungsansprüche auf Leistungen der Gesundheitsversorgung ein, wenn man sie zuvor kühn konstruiert hat? Continue reading >>
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13 May 2017
Why the Announced Constitutional Referendum in Poland is not a Constitutional Referendum after all
The President of Poland has announced that a constitutional referendum will be held in 2018. This is surprising for at least two reasons. Continue reading >>
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12 May 2017
A clever and dangerous move – or: a Roman Court goes Lutheran
2 ½ years after it was rendered, Sentenza 238/14 of [...] Continue reading >>
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After Sentenza 238: A Plea for Legal Peace
1. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS This post summarizes some of the key [...] Continue reading >>
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Judgment 238/2014 and the importance of a constructive dialogue
I will focus here on two facets of Judgment 238/2014 [...] Continue reading >>
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11 May 2017
Italian Concerns after Sentenza 238/2014
Judicial practice may be a means to overcome the opposition [...] Continue reading >>
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Italian concerns after sentenza 238/2014: possible reactions, possible solutions
Introduction 1. International legal thinking has long been dominated by [...] Continue reading >>
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German concerns after Sentenza 238/2014: Possible reactions – possible solutions
Jurisdictional Immunities, or: A Formally Strong German Position On the [...] Continue reading >>Introduction: In search for conciliation
Sentenza 238/2014 of the Italian Constitutional Court created a legal [...] Continue reading >>
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Ursprung, Wandel und Zukunft der Verfassung: Dieter Grimm zum 80. Geburtstag
In seiner Integrität als Mensch, seiner Genauigkeit und Weitsicht als Rechtswissenschaftler, seiner klaren Sprache als Autor, seinem Engagement für Studierende als Hochschullehrer, seinem ausgeprägten Sinn für Recht und Gerechtigkeit als Bundesverfassungsrichter und seiner öffentlichen Wirkungskraft als Intellektueller ist Dieter Grimm ein Vorbild. Continue reading >>10 May 2017
Trump and the FBI: Four very quick questions and answers from SANFORD LEVINSON
US President Donald Trump, to the bewildered horror of many, has dismissed FBI director James Comey in the middle of an investigation about his aides' ties to Russia. Some even call this situation a constitutional crisis. We have shot Constitutional Law professor Sandy Levinson four very quick questions and received four equally short answers. Continue reading >>09 May 2017
Brexit Lawsuits, But Not As You Know Them
Calling in the lawyers is becoming a frequent response to the challenges of Brexit. While court actions on matters of constitutional law are well known, there is another, less publicised, avenue of legal resistance. The consequence: the Brexit bill is about to become a lot bigger. Continue reading >>04 May 2017
Populist Constitutionalism
Populist engagement with constitution-making and constitutional reform forms a distinctive, [...] Continue reading >>
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Judges Speaking for the People: Judicial Populism beyond Judicial Decisions
We typically think of courts as victims or targets of [...] Continue reading >>
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03 May 2017
Working Well Is The Best Strategy: Judges under Populism
Introduction: foes of all stripes Let’s start with this truism—no [...] Continue reading >>
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In Defense of Judicial Populism: Lessons from Colombia
In 2005, the Colombian Constitutional Court upheld an amendment allowing [...] Continue reading >>
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02 May 2017
Populism and the Turkish Constitutional Court: the Game Broker, the Populist and the Popular
Populist strategies have for some time been an integral part [...] Continue reading >>30 April 2017
Populism and Judicial Backlash in the United States and Europe
Common criticisms of judicial activism stretch from the somewhat outdated [...] Continue reading >>
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29 April 2017
Schranken für die weltweite Überwachung? Was die jüngsten Ankündigungen der NSA zu bedeuten haben
Am gestrigen Nachmittag gab die NSA überraschend bekannt, eine zentrale Komponente ihres globalen Überwachungssystems zu beenden. In der Zukunft will die Behörde nur Emails speichern, die von oder an verdächtige Ausländer gesendet wurden („to or from communications“). Hingegen werden nicht mehr alle Internet-Nachrichten daraufhin gescannt, ob sie Daten verdächtiger Ausländer im Text der Nachricht nennen („about communications“). Weniger Überwachung klingt gut. Und die ersten Reaktionen in den USA sind verhalten positiv, wird damit doch einer zentralen Forderung von BürgerrechtlerInnen entsprochen. Doch was bedeutet der Kurswechsel aus europäischer und deutscher Sicht? Continue reading >>
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Much Ado About Nothing? Legal and Political Schooling for the Hungarian Government
After his infamous law against the Central European University, the EU Commission has announced a treaty infringement procedure against Hungary. That will probably be of limited help against the systemic threat to the rule of law in Viktor Orbán's state. Politically more effective might be the pressure exerted by the European People's Party. Continue reading >>
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Safeguarding Democratic Institutions
A discussion of courts and populism begs for definitional boundaries. [...] Continue reading >>
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28 April 2017
Trapped in the Age of Trump: the American Supreme Court and 21st Century Populism
The American Supreme Court is currently ill-equipped to confront populism. [...] Continue reading >>
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27 April 2017
Courts in a Populist World
“I did not come to in order to be loved [...] Continue reading >>
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Pakistan’s Reluctant Constitutionalism
On 20 April 2017, the Supreme Court of Pakistan ruled in one of the greatest cases in its turbulent history: the impeachment of the prime minister for involvements in shady financial dealings that bubbled up after the Panama Papers. Nothing happened; the court only showed Nawaz Sharif the yellow card. But while Pakistan narrowly missed her constitutional moment by a single judge’s vote, the court’s ruling displayed tremendous democratic maturity. Continue reading >>26 April 2017
Populist Constitutionalism and the Democratic Minimum Core
Democratic “populism” is on the rise worldwide. In the last [...] Continue reading >>
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25 April 2017
Vertrauenswürdigkeit und Rechtsstaatlichkeit: Was die Kritiker der EU nicht sehen (wollen)
Es gibt Probleme der Rechtsstaatlichkeit im europäischen Rechtsraum. Viele sprechen gar von einer Vertrauenskrise in die Europäische Union. Trägt Vertrauen als europapolitische und juristische Perspektive, und was sind die Implikationen? Continue reading >>Populism and the Courts
The antagonism of populist governments to apex courts is a [...] Continue reading >>
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24 April 2017
The Spanish Constitutional Court on the Path of Self-Destruction
Recently, the Spanish Constitutional Court has published one more decision in application of the new reform of the Law on Constitutional Court which increased its powers for the execution of its own decisions. It is clear that Catalonian sovereignist politicians are acting irresponsibly and provoking the Spanish powers. The only good way to answer to this challenge is a balanced and neutral response of the Constitutional Court every time they adopt an illegal act. Instead, the Court assumed a political role. He tries to stop even any talk about independence. By doing so, it fails to respect its own role as keeper of a Constitutional framework where very diverse ideologies can be discussed. Continue reading >>23 April 2017
No Compromises on Reproductive Rights – Why Ireland Needs Constitutional Change
On April 22, the Irish Citizens Assembly has in an overwhelming majority confirmed the need for change in Irish abortion laws. According to the majority of members of the assembly, the 8th amendment of the Irish Constitution, that de facto imposes a constitutional ban on abortion in most scenarios, needs to be amended or replaced. What constitutional change is needed? Continue reading >>Populist Constitutions – A Contradiction in Terms?
The meaning of “populism” is deeply contested. It is striking, [...] Continue reading >>22 April 2017
How Old is 14 Really? On Child Marriage and Case-by-Case Justice
A bizarrely archaic hiccup for old-school historicists, curiously ambivalent and legally intriguing to others, child marriages currently enjoy an unforeseen centrality in Germany’s public life. Europe today is hard pressed to look beyond its shores for instructive twenty-first century survival scripts. India’s past offers some lessons on child marriages for the current German predicament. Continue reading >>Introduction: Constitutional Courts and Populism
This mini-symposium is a joint project between the editors of [...] Continue reading >>21 April 2017
Türkei-Referendum vor dem EGMR: Warum der Gang nach Straßburg diesmal wohl nicht helfen wird
Nachdem die türkische Wahlkommission den Antrag einiger Oppositionsparteien auf Annullierung des Verfassungsreferendums vom 16. April verworfen hat, erwägt die oppositionelle CHP Medienberichten zufolge den Gang nach Straßburg. Dem halten türkische Spitzenpolitiker entgegen, der EGMR sei hierfür nicht zuständig. Was ist hiervon zu halten? Continue reading >>How Could the ECJ Escape from the Taricco Quagmire?
The Taricco saga shows how difficult has become the coexistence between the doctrines that have been developed so far by the ECJ on one side and the national Constitutional or Supreme Courts on the other side. The ECJ and the Constitutional Courts, in all their isolated splendour (or splendid isolation), preferred so far to follow parallel lines, whose meeting could only take place ad infinitum. However, if the parallelism collapses, the two lines are doomed to crash. Continue reading >>
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20 April 2017
Nonchalance im Rechtsstaat? Anfragen an den Spielhallen-Beschluss des BVerfG
Gut 19 Milliarden Euro werden bei bis vor kurzem sprunghaft steigender Tendenz jährlich mit Geldspielgeräten umgesetzt. Da dabei auch das Suchtverhalten kranker Menschen wirtschaftlich ausgenutzt wird, muss man kein Mitleid mit der Spielgerätewirtschaft haben, wenn die Landesgesetzgeber ihr in Ausführung des 2012 geänderten Glücksspielstaatsvertrags nun massiv zu Leibe rücken. Es gehört aber zum Markenkern des Rechtsstaats, dass die Anforderungen an die Eindämmung vormals erlaubten Verhaltens nicht davon abhängen, wie sympathisch man dieses findet. Vor diesem Hintergrund verdient der jüngste Beschluss des BVerfG zur Spielhallenregulierung Beachtung, weil rechtsstaatliche Mindeststandards hinter den immer wieder betonten besonders herausgehobenen Allgemeininteressen, die mit der Regulierung auch zweifellos verfolgt werden, stark verblassen. Continue reading >>19 April 2017
Of course you can still turn back! On the revocability of the Article 50 notification and post-truth politics
The British Prime Minister Theresa May has announced yesterday the intention to call a ‘snap’ general election to be held on the 8th of June 2017. This announcement, which has caught literally everyone off-guard, makes some strategic sense if read together with another contention stressed by Prime Minister May: that there is no turning back from Brexit. Which is untrue, both from the legal and political point of view. To put it shortly, the PM is lying. Continue reading >>‘Girls belong in school, and not in front of the altar’: Is the German Bill on child marriages violating international law?
As much as international law categorizes child marriage as harmful practice due to its potential wide ranging negative effects on education, health, increased risk of violence and sexually transmitted diseases, and poverty, the regulation of already existing marriages should not aim to be aligned with the age of marriage. Already existing child marriages have to be treated differently, as they already created a lived reality for the partners and cannot just be reversed, as this might end up in unwanted legal and practical consequences for the child. Therefore, with regards to already existing marriages, it is a misconception that the only possible way to end child marriage is to actually ‘end’ child marriage. Continue reading >>18 April 2017
Should we fear a Frexit?
What would a ‘Frexit’ look like? Would Le Pen have to go through a referendum? And if so, would it be binding or advisory? Would the hypothetical President encounter the same difficulties as the British Prime Minister did with the Miller case? Would the French legal system allow for the Courts to have such a crucial role? Continue reading >>
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17 April 2017
Gibraltar and the “Brexit” – New Scenarios within a Historic Dispute. A Proposal.
The "Brexit" draws its consequences also on the legal status of Gibraltar within the EU. This leads to new perspectives on a historic dispute between British, Spanish and Gibraltan sovereignty interests. What could be the solution? Continue reading >>Das Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz: Im Zweifel gegen die Meinungsfreiheit?
Eigentlich soll das geplante Netzwerkdurchsetzungsgesetz Hetze und Falschnachrichten aus Facebook, Twitter und Co. vertreiben. Tatsächlich droht es die Meinungsfreiheit in den sozialen Netzwerken zu beschneiden... Continue reading >>13 April 2017
Stopping forced sterilisation is not enough – the limitations of the recent ECHR judgement on trans rights
The recent ruling of the European Court of Human Rights in A.P., Garçon and Nicot v. France constitutes an important decision for trans rights in many ways. The ECtHR determined that France’s requirement of sterilisation, applying to persons wishing to legally change their names and gender on their birth certificate to reflect their gender identity, is a violation of the right to privacy under Article 8 of the European Convention of Human Rights. Continue reading >>
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12 April 2017
Le Pen oder Macron? Scheinriesen werden sie beide sein
Der französische Präsident, so liest und hört man es anlässlich des Wahlkampfs derzeit in deutschen Medien, ist mit einer Machtfülle ausgestattet, die in der westlichen Welt ihresgleichen sucht. Das nährt die Angst vor einem Wahlsieg der Rechtspopulistin Marine Le Pen. Doch so berechtigt die Sorge vor der Symbolkraft eines Sieges der Führerin des Front National auch sein mag – sie wird Frankreich nicht im Alleingang umkrempeln können. Denn während sich die Präsidenten der 5. Republik politisch als Sonnenkönige gerieren konnten, solange sie über eine Mehrheit in der Nationalversammlung verfügten, entpuppten sie sich als verfassungsrechtliche Scheinriesen, sobald sich ihr politisches Lager in der parlamentarischen Opposition wiederfand. Continue reading >>10 April 2017
The Holy Word does not come strictly in Italian – Another Islamophobic Law stopped in Northern Italy
The saga continues: again have regions in Italy governed by the right-wing party Lega Nord tried to use an administrative law to restrict the building of new mosques in the regions. This time, Veneto came up with something new: they made it mandatory to speak only Italian in religious buildings. But the Constitutional Court took a clear stance, for religious freedom and for the importance of language as a cultural good. Continue reading >>Five Scenarios for Europe – Understanding the EU Commission’s White Paper on the Future of Europe
The European Commission has recently published a White Paper on the Future of Europe. With regards to the many crises the EU is currently facing, a coherent plan seems to be urgently needed. Instead of coming up with one single plan however, the Paper reflects five different scenarios... Continue reading >>06 April 2017
Judicial Review of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy: Lessons from the Rosneft case
On 28 March 2017, the Grand Chamber of the EU Court of Justice (CJEU) decided in a preliminary ruling that the restrictive measures adopted by the Council against Russian undertakings, including oil company Rosneft, are valid. The judgment is of constitutional significance. It clarifies the scope of the CJEU’s jurisdiction with respect to acts adopted in the sphere of the EU’s Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP). In particular, it reveals that the EU system of judicial protection fully applies in relation to restrictive measures against natural and legal persons (so-called ‘targeted sanctions’). Continue reading >>05 April 2017
Meinungsfreiheit und Gewalt
Das BVerfG setzt seine Serie von Kammerentscheidungen zur Meinungsfreiheit fort: wenn ein Rechtsextremer einen grünen Bundestagsabgeordneten als "Obergauleiter" bezeichnet, dann ist keine Schmähkritik. Das ist weder ein Skandal noch ein Triumph, sondern ziemlich normal. Continue reading >>The Return of the Sovereign: A Look at the Rule of Law in Hungary – and in Europe
The Hungarian law makers have enacted a law that will make the operation of foreign-funded universities all but impossible, and aim to do the same to foreign-funded NGOs. These measures fail to meet even the most basic features of how legal rules are envisioned in a rule of law framework. The carefully crafted new Hungarian laws use the cloak of national security to stab the rule of law, as understood in Europe, in the heart. Continue reading >>More Is Less: Multiple Citizenship, Political Participation, and Mr Erdogan
I must differ with my colleague, Peter Spiro, and those who consider dual citizenship unproblematic or even progressive and a facilitator of immigrant integration. The devaluation of citizenship that widespread dual citizenship both reflects and worsens is in fact bad for those who need democracy and seek social equality. It is also another moment in which political power has yielded to market power. At the same time, making dual citizenship illegal, or even discouraging it, is a pointless effort since even after the current nationalist-populist wave passes, human mobility is highly likely to remain at high levels. Continue reading >>04 April 2017