11 February 2019
Inter-institutional Agreement Reached on Framework for Screening of Foreign Direct Investments
The EU has one of the world's most open investment regimes, and collectively EU Member States have the fewest restrictions in the world on foreign direct investment. A proposal for a Union Act on the Screening of foreign investment in strategic sectors was tabled by ten Members of International Trade Committee (INTA) at the European Parliament (EP). The inter-institutional “provisional” agreement is going to be voted by the full House of the EP on the 14th of February 2019. Continue reading >>
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10 February 2019
Why Referendums in Ireland Work Better than in the UK
Former UK prime minister Gordon Brown has recommended the Irish innovation of the citizens’ assembly to inform and guide public opinion. Theresa May, too, included a glancing reference to the notion in her recent House of Commons speech. They are mistaken, though, if they believe that this formula has much to offer in the UK. Continue reading >>
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09 February 2019
Notizen aus der Provinz: Brandenburg gibt sich ein Paritätsgesetz
Geschlechterparität im Parlament? Statt dass man überlegt, ob das prinzipiell eine gute Idee ist oder eher nicht, sind die Juristen schon da und belehren die anderen erst einmal darüber, ob sie das überhaupt dürfen. Continue reading >>
08 February 2019
Parité-Gesetz in Brandenburg – Kein Sieg für die Demokratie
Der brandenburgische Landtag hat nach einer kontroversen Diskussion mit den [...] Continue reading >>Access to Legal Redress in an EU Investment Screening Mechanism
The proposal for a regulation of the European Parliament and [...] Continue reading >>
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A Part of the Constitution Is Unconstitutional, the Slovak Constitutional Court has Ruled
The 30th of January 2019 will undoubtedly be remembered as a milestone day in the development of Slovak constitutional law, signaling the start of a new, second, stage of development. The first stage started on 1 September 1992 (the day of adoption of the Constitution of the Slovak Republic) and lasted until 30 January 2019. The second stage started with the Slovak Constitutional Court decision, of 30 January 2019, that an amendment to the Constitution is invalid for violating the material core of the Constitution. Continue reading >>
07 February 2019
Zwischen modernem Sicherheitsrecht und klassischem Polizeirecht – Die Entscheidungen zur automatisierten Kennzeichenkontrolle
An den in dieser Woche veröffentlichten Entscheidungen zu automatisierten Kennzeichenkontrollen des BVerfG erscheint vor allem bemerkenswert die vom Senat vorgenommene Korrektur seiner Rechtsprechung hinsichtlich der Eingriffsqualität der Maßnahme im Nichttrefferfall. Im Ergebnis führt dies zunächst zu einer Neubewertung der automatisierten Kennzeichenerfassung, die sich nunmehr als erheblich eingriffsintensiver als in der Vorgängerentscheidung präsentiert. An den Konsequenzen ändert sich hierdurch freilich wenig. Continue reading >>Warum der EuGH-Generalanwalt in punkto „PKW-Maut“ Unrecht hat
Generalanwalt Nils Wahl hat gestern – für viele überraschend – für eine Zulässigkeit des deutschen Vignettensystems plädiert. Die Argumente des Generalanwalts überzeugen nicht. Jetzt hat der EuGH die Gelegenheit in seinem Urteil seiner Verantwortung zur Wahrung des Rechts bei der Auslegung und Anwendung der Verträge (Art. 19 EUV) nachzukommen. Continue reading >>Disastrous Stability: Brexit as a Constitutional Crisis
The reason Continental Europe so often misunderstands what is happening in the UK is that it views events there either as developments in an international negotiation or as a crisis of the Tory party. The reality is that we are witnessing a constitutional system in crisis. One of the oldest constitutional systems in the world is trying to digest three paradigm shifts – and it is trying to do so in one gulp. Continue reading >>Investment Screening in the Defence Industry – News from the Bermuda Triangle of EU Law
The national investment screening mechanisms for the defence and security [...] Continue reading >>
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06 February 2019
Questions to the ministers: Der Bundestag berät sich über die Zukunft der Regierungsbefragung
Der Bundestag debattiert gerade, die bislang so trostlose Praxis der Regierungsbefragung aufzuwerten. Wer sich dabei allerdings scharfe Duelle zwischen Kanzlerin und Oppositionsführer_in nach dem UK-Modell in Westminster vorstellt, kann nur enttäuscht werden. Continue reading >>Transitional Justice in Colombia Under Attack: An Interview with GABRIEL ROJAS
Colombia is the first country in the world with a peace agreement that includes the Rome Statute obligations of the International Criminal Court in its new transitional justice system. But after a change of government last year, the Special Jurisdiction for Peace (SJP) is already coming under attack before it has barely started. Continue reading >>
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Rebuilding the Berlin Wall?
On 19 December 2018, the German government has passed amendments [...] Continue reading >>
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05 February 2019
Avenues in European Company Law to Screen Foreign Direct Investment
Screening of foreign direct investments could take place through European [...] Continue reading >>
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The First Live-Broadcast Hearings of Candidates for Constitutional Judges in Slovakia: Five Lessons
In 2019, Slovakia selects nine out of thirteen constitutional court judges and the hearings of the candidates for the nominees for the vacant seats were publicly broadcast. The atmosphere of the hearings and the overall context of the 2019 appointment process, however, yield at least five, and not that optimistic, lessons. Continue reading >>
04 February 2019
Die Versprechen der modernen Demokratie: zur Debatte parlamentarischer Parität
Für die Verfassungswidrigkeit der Paritätsquoten im Parlament – unabhängig von der konkreten Ausgestaltung – werden die schwereren Geschütze unserer Verfassung aufgefahren: etwa die Parteienfreiheit, die Wahlrechtsgleichheit und auch das Prinzip der Repräsentation. Doch nicht alle verfassungsrechtlichen Argumente gegen die Genderparität im Parlament halten näherer Betrachtung stand. Continue reading >>Streit um die „Grenzöffnung“: Mehr Fragerechte und Klagemöglichkeiten für Abgeordnete?
Seit September 2015 spaltet der Streit um die sogenannte „Grenzöffnung“ für Flüchtlinge die Republik. Politisch soll nun zumindest bei der CDU der Versuch einer internen Aufarbeitung durch die Debatte zweier Rechtswissenschaftler erfolgen. Am Köcheln gehalten wird der Streit nicht zuletzt durch die Ungewissheit, wie genau und auf welcher Rechtsgrundlage die Bundesregierung gehandelt hat. Was Not tut, ist ein Klagerecht für Bundestagsfraktionen auf eine objektive Rechtmäßigkeitskontrolle vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht. Continue reading >>Debate: A Common European Law on Investment Screening?
Volvo Personvagnar AB, Kuka, Aixtron, OSRAM Licht, Daimler, Saxo Bank, [...] Continue reading >>
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03 February 2019
Collateral Damage? Der Brexit und das Europaparlament
Sollen die EU 27 dem Vereinigten Königreich eine Fristverlängerung für den Brexit zugestehen? Das würde die Europawahlen im Mai gefährden, und damit die Verfassung der EU. Der Austritt des Vereinigten Königreichs am 29. März 2019, mit oder ohne Austrittsabkommen, ist als Ende mit Schrecken einem Schrecken ohne klares Ende vorzuziehen. Damit die EU nicht auch noch Schaden nimmt. Continue reading >>
30 January 2019
The EU Regulation on Terrorist Content: An Emperor without Clothes
The draft EU Regulation on preventing the dissemination of terrorist content online constitutes a grave threat to freedom of expression. It could be applied in respect of journalists, non-governmental organisations, political parties, trade unions, indigenous peoples, scholars of history or social sciences, novelists, cartoonists, photographers and filmmakers. Its cross-border application makes it a dreadful tool in the hands of authoritarian regimes or rogue officials. Continue reading >>
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Censoring Allegedly „Unconstitutional“ Constitutional Law Textbooks in China
Earlier in January, an overall censorship on constitutional law textbooks [...] Continue reading >>
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29 January 2019
Citizenship Revocation in Italy as a Counter-Terrorism Measure
A 2018 Italian Decree Law allows the revocation of citizenship based on a decision of the Minister of the Interior when a person has been convicted for terrorist offences. However, this provision specifically addresses immigrants and their children who became Italian citizens. Continue reading >>
28 January 2019
Rival Governments in Venezuela: Democracy and the Question of Recognition
Venezuela is divided into two opposite sets of institutions with competing claims to power. States all over the world face now a choice between two parallel regimes. Only one can be recognized as legitimate. This article argues that, against the backdrop of a split society and rival institutions, coupled with massive protests and widespread civic resistance, democratic legitimation provides a solid criterion for recognition. Continue reading >>Not the Meaningful Vote: a Guide to the Role of the Commons on Tuesday
On 15 January, the Commons rejected the Government’s Brexit deal. On Tuesday 29 January, the Commons will consider the Government’s response to this rejection. This will be in many respects an unusual constitutional event. Continue reading >>
25 January 2019
Demystifying the Democratic Transition in Venezuela
Transition from autocracy has begun in Venezuela, and misconceptions and misunderstandings about this process abound. Some talk of a coup d'état, others blame US interventionism. It's neither - but what is it? Continue reading >>Eurozenship: always a bridesmaid?
I would be most happy if Dora Kostakopoulou’s vision of an autonomous EU citizenship came into being. However, there are two key normative and practical pitfalls of her proposal. First, the decoupling of statuses that she proposes poses the risk of ‘free riding’ on EU citizenship rights for those who had, at some point enjoyed, and then lost, this status. Second, having in mind the different definitions of residence across the Member States, linking the acquisition of EU citizenship to this status is like putting a roof on a house with uneven walls. Continue reading >>
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Ein bisschen Verfolgung kann so schlimm nicht sein? Sicherheit in Herkunftsstaaten ist keine Frage des politischen Willens
Vor einer Woche hat der Bundestag beschlossen, Georgien sowie die Maghreb-Staaten Algerien, Tunesien und Marokko in die Liste der sicheren Herkunftsstaaten aufzunehmen. Angesichts der Zuständigkeit des Gesetzgebers entsteht der Eindruck, dass es eine Frage des politischen Willens sei, ob Länder sicher sind. Das wird der verfassungsrechtlichen Konzeption aber nicht gerecht. Continue reading >>
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24 January 2019
Darf man den öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten die Textberichterstattung im Internet verbieten?
Den Landesparlamenten liegt derzeit der 22. Rundfunkänderungsstaatsvertrag zur Zustimmung vor, der die Befugnisse der öffentlich-rechtlichen Rundfunkanstalten, über das Internet Inhalte mit Text zu verbreiten, erheblich einschränkt. Die Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsrechts zur Rundfunkfreiheit lässt allerdings Zweifel an der Verfassungsmäßigkeit der geplanten Neuregelung aufkommen. Continue reading >>On the Risk of Trying to Kill “Seven at a Blow”
I agree with Dora that political theorists should not be afraid of radicalism, as long as the proposed reform effectively achieves clearly defined and desirable goals (the utilitarian test) and is consistent with fundamental norms (the principled approach). Richard Bellamy already pointed to the potentially negative consequences of what he describes as a form of “mushroom reasoning” on some of the core principles underlying the European project, such as that of reciprocity. While I broadly share Richard’s conclusion, my main concern here is that Dora’s proposal may not entirely satisfy the utilitarian test requirements. In other words, instead of killing seven flies at a blow, it may end up killing none. Continue reading >>
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23 January 2019
Ethiopia’s Ethnic Federalism: Part of the Problem or Part of the Solution
Unlike other federations, where geography or administrative conveniences have been used to organize the federation, Ethiopia has opted to take ethnicity as the point of departure for the remaking of the Ethiopian map. In light of growing tensions, however, it is time to rethink this model of federal structure. Continue reading >>A Dysfunctional Eurozenship? The Question of Free Movement
A European citizenship model autonomous from Member States’ nationality cannot work within the context of free movement. Should we end the debate, then, and take Richard Bellamy’s side? Not necessarily. Dora Kostakopoulou’s Eurozenship can be both improved and approved, and below I offer a few options for doing it. Continue reading >>Investor Citizenship and Residence: the EU Commission’s Incompetent Case for Blood and Soil
Today, on 23 January 2019 the Commission released its ‘Report on Investor Citizenship and Residence Schemes in the European Union.’ The Report will definitely not be entered on the roll-call of the documents the Commission could even vaguely be proud of. Continue reading >>
22 January 2019
Let Third-Country Nationals Become Citizens in Host Member States and of the European Union
I agree with Dora’s diagnosis, and I agree that the EU – and EU Member States – should act to rectify shortcomings of the Union citizenship construction that largely unconstrained allows inequality in regard to access to Union citizenship and Union citizenship rights. However, I cannot subscribe to Dora’s solution. In my opinion, the suggested reform is not the right cure to the shortcomings of the present Union citizenship practice. Continue reading >>
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21 January 2019
If You Want to Make EU Citizenship More Inclusive You Have to Reform Nationality Laws
Dora Kostakopoulou rightly spots some deficits in the current construction of EU citizenship, but she asks the wrong questions about these deficits and her answers would therefore aggravate rather than resolve the problems. She asks: “Why should statelessness lead to the loss of Eurozenship?” The better question would be “Why should the EU tolerate that Member States produce stateless people?” She proposes “that all children born in the EU, who might not be able to inherit a Member State nationality, would automatically be EU citizens”. The better proposal would be to make sure instead that all children born and raised in a Member State become citizens of that state and thereby EU citizens. Continue reading >>
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19 January 2019
The Government Shutdown – Another Step towards the Constitutional Precipice
Government shutdowns have occured many times in US history. They are a predictable result of a backdrop of constitutional and public law easily exposed to party polarization. And yet, the present government shutdown represents a new step forward to the precipice on which Trump is taking America’s constitutional democracy, which makes it distinctive for reasons not just of duration. Continue reading >>
18 January 2019
Neue Kleiderordnung statt Wahlrechtsreform – Eine Erwiderung auf Cara Röhner
Justizministerin Katharina Barley hat Vorschläge formuliert, wie sie das „Meer aus grauen Anzügen“ im Bundestag einhegen möchte. Dabei bringt sie auch paritätische Landeslisten ins Spiel. Verfassungsrechtlich gelingen könnte dies, indem der Wahlausgang an das Ziel der Gleichberechtigung von Frauen und Männern aus Art. 3 Abs. 2 GG gekoppelt wird. So hat Cara Röhner argumentiert und eine materielle Perspektive auf Repräsentation und Demokratie eingenommen. Dies bleibt auf Basis einer liberalen Verfassungs- und Demokratietheorie aber bedenklich. Continue reading >>The Case Against an Autonomous ‘EU Rump Citizenship’
In the debate between Dora Kostakopoulou and Richard Bellamy, I agree with most of the propositions put forward by Dora in her introductory paragraphs: that EU citizenship allows former enemies to meet and live in harmony; that nationalistic populism should be rejected; and that the prospect of Brexit remains depressing. Nonetheless, I disagree with her proposal to move towards an autonomous EU citizenship. Continue reading >>Staatsschutz 3.0? Der Verfassungsschutz vor der Tendenzwende
Die soeben gefällten AfD-Entscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsschutzes könnten den Übergang zu einer dritten Phase des Staatsschutzes markieren: vom Majestätsschutz über den Republikschutz zum Menschenschutz. Dies liegt in erster Linie an der Begründung des Bundesamtes, die sich zuvörderst auf die Missachtung der Menschenwürde und demokratischen Gleichheit von als migrantisch markierten Menschen stützt, die in Teilen der AfD zum Ausdruck kommt. Eine solche Tendenzwende des Verfassungsschutzes stößt sich freilich mit dem eigenen Selbsterhaltungsinteresse der Behörde. Sie müsste daher auch institutionelle Konsequenzen haben. Continue reading >>
17 January 2019
1095 Days Later: From Bad to Worse Regarding the Rule of Law in Poland (Part II)
Part II of our stock-taking of the EU rule of law proceedings against Poland: what the Luxembourg Court, the Council and member states can do to prevent further decay of the rule of law. Continue reading >>A relative dissociation of Union citizenship from member States nationality needs to mean something more than long term residence status
Dissociating Union citizenship from Member States nationality law recognizes and consolidates the assumption that people holding a genuine link to the EU have the right to possess its citizenship, regardless of whether their state of residence is willing to offer it to them. I believe that granting the status of European citizenship beyond Member State nationality, in a period noted by the emergence of far-right populism targeting migration as the major threat for European civilizational unity is a win-win solution both for its bearers and the EU itself. Continue reading >>Die Alternative für Deutschland und der Verfassungsschutz
Am 15. Januar 2019 hat das Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz mitgeteilt, dass die Jugendorganisation der AfD „Junge Alternative“ und die AfD-Teilorganisation „Der Flügel“ als so genannte Verdachtsfälle vom Verfassungsschutz beobachtet werden. Die Gesamtpartei AfD wird einstweilen als „Prüffall“ behandelt. Verfassungsschutz ist kein Politikersatz. Er ist aber allen Bürgerinnen und Bürgern geschuldet, die ihre gemeinsame Zukunft unabhängig von Herkunft, Ethnie, Glauben, Geschlecht und individuellen Fähigkeiten in gleicher Freiheit sowie in gegenseitigem Respekt unantastbarer Würde gestalten wollen. Das Handeln des BfV ist daher konsequent. Continue reading >>
16 January 2019
Die Polizei im Parlament: Sitzungsausschlüsse von Abgeordneten und ihre Durchsetzung
Im Dezember 2018 schlug ein Vorfall in der Plenarsitzung des Landtags von Baden-Württemberg hohe Wellen: Die Abgeordneten Räpple und Gedeon wurden von der Sitzung ausgeschlossen. Da sie sich weigerten, das Plenum zu verlassen, wurde der Einsatz der Polizei notwendig. Beides sind keine einmaligen Vorgänge. Die Sitzungsausschlüsse aber waren verfassungswidrig. Continue reading >>
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Democratic Decay Resource (DEM-DEC): Sixth Monthly Bibliography Update-January 2019
DEM-DEC Launch Podcast The panel discussion to formally launch DEM-DEC [...] Continue reading >>
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On Mushroom Reasoning and Kostakopoulou’s Argument for Eurozenship
Dora Kostakopoulou makes a spirited case for an autonomous status of European Union citizenship – one that is not related to the possession of citizenship of a Member State. However, while I sympathise with some of the concerns lying behind this proposal, I regard it as a misguided way of addressing them that is based in its turn on a misunderstanding of the nature of citizenship and of the EU and its achievements – albeit one shared by a number of the EU’s prime actors as well as certain of its foes. Continue reading >>
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Who Should Be a Citizen of the Union? Toward an Autonomous European Union Citizenship
Refusing to believe that political constraints outweigh political possibilities in the present historical conjuncture, I argue that the time is ripe for the disentanglement of Eurozenship from Member State nationality. Since the mid-1990s I have defended this reform. But my argument for an autonomous Eurozenship in this debate unfolds in two steps which are presented in the subsequent two sections. In the first section, I explore the incremental disentanglement of EU citizenship from the nationality law of Member States, while in the second section I reconstruct Eurozenship, that is, I present the configuration of an autonomous EU citizenship law which can co-exist with EU citizenship cum Member State nationality. Continue reading >>
15 January 2019
Das Minus zum Minimum: Hartz-IV-Sanktionen vor dem Bundesverfassungsgericht
Jeder Mensch hat ein Grundrecht auf Gewährleistung des menschenwürdigen Existenzminimums. Wie ist damit vereinbar, dass das Arbeitslosengeld II gekürzt oder gestrichen wird, wenn man seine Mitwirkungspflichten verletzt? Dazu hat heute das Bundesverfassungsgericht eine auch verfassungsrechtlich spannende Anhörung durchgeführt. Continue reading >>
14 January 2019
Hack des IT-Rechts: Zu den Folgen des „Doxing-Falls“
Wenn politische Akteure Schäden erleiden, kann dies die Weiterentwicklung des Rechts rasch befördern. Nun haben die jüngsten Veröffentlichungen von Daten aus dem Privatleben zahlreicher Politiker und Prominenter eine Diskussion über Reformen des IT-Rechts in Deutschland losgetreten. Diese berührt unter anderem das IT-Sicherheitsrecht, das IT-Strafrecht und dessen verfassungsrechtliche Grundlagen. Continue reading >>
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13 January 2019
1095 Days Later: From Bad to Worse Regarding the Rule of Law in Poland (Part I)
On 13 January 2016, exactly three years ago today, the Commission activated the so-called rule of law framework for the very first time with respect to Poland. As things stand today, Polish authorities’ sustained and systematic attacks on the rule of law now more than ever directly threaten the very functioning of the EU legal order. Continue reading >>
11 January 2019
Rationalising political representation within the European Parliament: the Italian Constitutional Court rules on the threshold for the European elections
In December 2018, the Italian Constitutional Court found the national 4% threshold for elections to the European Parliament to be constitutional. Unlike the Bundesverfassungsgericht, which focused in-depth on the European state of affairs at a given stage, the Corte costituzionale has pointed to a gradual evolutionary development towards “a rationalisation of the representation of political forces within the European parliamentary assembly”. According to this interpretation, both the national parliaments and the European Parliament face similar challenges. Continue reading >>
10 January 2019